If you mean a nuclear reactor, and not a chemical one, there is only one way, and that is by nuclear fission in the fuel
Hot spot: where there is no heat transfer take place, so temperature of that spot or place is increased and it is greater that that of bulk temperature of system. In tubular reactor mixing is many times poor. because of boundary layer. the liq at tube wall has lowest energy, so heat transfer is bad at that spot.
That depends on the power rating of the reactor.
The quantity depends on: the type of the reactor, power of the reactor, enrichment of uraniu, chemical form of the fuel, etc. For a research reactor some kilograms, for a power reactor more than 100 tonnes/year.
The number of control rods in a reactor will vary with the size and the design.
There are many things which give us heat such as the sun, fire and raidiators.light gives off heat
The primary purpose of the cooling water in a reactor is obvious, cool the reactor core by carrying heat away to someplace else. That someplace else is usually a heat exchanger/steam generator, which generates steam to turn the turbine generators that make electricity. In light water moderated reactors, the cooling water also serves a secondary purpose as the moderator. The moderator is a material that slows the fast neutrons from the fission to slow thermal neutrons before too many are absorbed by the plentiful Uranium-238 isotope, which will not fission. These thermal neutrons then fission the rare Uranium-235 isotope to keep the reactor going.
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Nuclear fission reactors come in various forms, though the principle of using the heat from a nuclear chain reaction is always the same. 1. Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR). 2. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). 3. Magnox gas cooled reactor (no longer built) 4. Advanced gas cooled reactor (no longer built but still in use in UK). 5. Canadian heavy water reactor (Candu) 6. Russian design of Chernobyl type. I think this covers the most used types for power generation. There are others such as the gas cooled pebble bed reactor, and the fast breeder reactor, that are possible but designs have not been so successful and these have not been adopted commercially.
10 Iraqi soldiers died, as well as a French adviser (the reactor was French built.
Depending on the reactor type and power: from 1 kg to more than 100 000 kg.
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1.21 Gigawatts