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According to the 1860 census:

Total number of slaves in the Lower South : 2,312,352 (47% of total population).

Total number of slaves in the Upper South: 1,208758 (29% of total population).

Total number of slaves in the Border States: 432,586 (13% of total population).

The information (which I have not checked) is here:http://civilwarcauses.org/stat.htm

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Q: How many slaves were there in the US in 1861?
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