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How might plasmids confer a selective advantage to their host bacteria?
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In many bacteria genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on what dissimilation plasmids exons plasmids factors or transposons?
plasmids
Who discovered plasmodesmata?
Plasmids are found within the nucleus of a cell, it is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and yeasts, which is able to replicate independently of the chromosomes. They are predominantly found in prokaryotes (in the cytosol of prokaryotes and some eukaryotes.--*Though plasmids are found in eukaryotes such as yeast, they are very rare in eukaryotes in general. Plasmids are much more prevalent in prokaryotes such as bacteria. Bacterial plasmids may be linear or circular and are basically pieces of DNA that carry non-essential genes and replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. Since bacteria don't have nuclei, bacterial plasmids exist freely in the cytosol in a supercoiled manner. Examples of bacterial chromosomes include the F plasmid, which is essential to bacterial conjugation (horizontal gene transfer) and various resistance plasmids that confer resistance to toxins including antibiotics.
What major advantage does NOT having a nucleus confer upon a mature red blood cell?
its cool to hold oxigen.
Can RNA undergo natural selection and evolve?
Yes, RNA can undergo natural selection and evolve. RNA molecules can replicate and mutate, leading to variations in their sequences. Those variations that confer a selective advantage, such as improved stability or catalytic activity, are more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations. This process of selection and evolution is known as RNA evolution.
How bacteria get mutated against certain drug?
The mutations are random and confer on some members of the bacterial population resistance to certain drugs and these members are the ones selected to survive and reproduce the next population of bacteria with the resistance to these certain drugs.
In many bacteria genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on what dissimilation plasmids exons plasmids factors or transposons?
plasmids
What is driver mutation?
The mutations that confer a selective growth advantage to the tumor cell are called “driver” mutations. It has been estimated. A driver gene is one that contains driver gene mutations. But driver genes may also contain passenger gene mutations A typical tumor contains two to eight of these "driver gene" mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage.
What are plasmids?
A segment of DNA independent of the chromosomes and capable of replication, occurring in bacteria and yeast: used in recombinant DNA procedures to transfer genetic material from one cell to another.
Who discovered plasmodesmata?
Plasmids are found within the nucleus of a cell, it is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and yeasts, which is able to replicate independently of the chromosomes. They are predominantly found in prokaryotes (in the cytosol of prokaryotes and some eukaryotes.--*Though plasmids are found in eukaryotes such as yeast, they are very rare in eukaryotes in general. Plasmids are much more prevalent in prokaryotes such as bacteria. Bacterial plasmids may be linear or circular and are basically pieces of DNA that carry non-essential genes and replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. Since bacteria don't have nuclei, bacterial plasmids exist freely in the cytosol in a supercoiled manner. Examples of bacterial chromosomes include the F plasmid, which is essential to bacterial conjugation (horizontal gene transfer) and various resistance plasmids that confer resistance to toxins including antibiotics.
What is a plasmid and why is it useful to researchers?
Plasmids are important in the phases of bacterial genetics because plasmids are the small circle of DNA for bacteria and is responsible for storing and studying genes. Plasmid is used as the vehicle to genetically engineer bacteria to produce insulin.
What is the advantage of conjugants?
Bacterial conjugation? When two bacteria conjugate one, or both, receive a plasmid from the other containing a few genes. This adds to the bacterial genetic diversity but, more importantly, these few genes could confer resistance to pathogenic agencies that one bacteria has now given the other bacteria.
Describe the use of plasmids as vectors in biotechnology?
Plasmids are often used as expression vectors in biotechnology. Plasmids are small, circular or linear pieces of DNA containing non-essential genes that are found in all life, although much more common in prokaryotes, especially bacteria. These genes confer abilities such as metabolizing a previously unusable compound, building an amino acid previously unbuildable, or even antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are used in research to induce the expression of a gene usually not found in the given organism. For example, you can construct a plasmid with a bacterial promoter connected to the gene for a human protein through a process called 'cloning'. The plasmid with the human gene can then be introduced into bacteria by transforming a competent gram-negative with the plasmid. Usually the plasmid also has an antibiotic resistance gene in addition to the target gene. This antibiotic resistance can be used to select for bacteria containing the plasmid. For example, the most common resistance gene is ampicillin resistance gene. If you grow the transformed bacteria in a culture containing ampicillin, only bacteria containing the antibiotic resistance, and therefore containing the plasmid, can survive. This will ensure that what you have is a pure culture of bacteria containing the plasmid. After selection, these bacteria can be cultured in suitable media to increase their numbers to a point that their production of the human protein becomes appreciable. Then these bacteria are usually lysed (killed) to extract the protein. Sometimes, however, these bacteria can also be made to secrete the protein into the medium.
What major advantage does NOT having a nucleus confer upon a mature red blood cell?
its cool to hold oxigen.
What advantage does sexual reproduction confer upon a species?
The principal advantage that sexual reproduction confers upon a species is the continued existence of that species. If a species does not reproduce, it will die out.
What type of traits does natural selction act on?
Heritable traits that confer some survival or reproductive advantage, or natural selection will cull traits that confer the opposite to survival and reproductive advantage. So, the individual organisms, or his genes, are selected and these alleles increase in frequency in populations and evolution takes place.
How do you identify bacterial cells that have taken up your gene of interest?
A standard test is the antibiotic resistance take up. This is where you confer resistance plasmids containing the gene of interest to bacterial uptake. So you use two antibiotics, Kanamycin and Penicillin, to test that your bacteria so infused is now resistant to these two antibacterial agents. A successful recombination exercise will lead to growth on this medium.
Are people with Hemophilia prevented of getting Malaria?
No, hemophilia does not confer an advantage against malaria. People with sickle-cell anemia do have an immunity, of sorts.
