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World War I officially began on July 14, 1914. After the Battle of Asne in September of 1914, both the Allied and German Armies quickly constructed a matching set of trench lines that eventually reached from the Swiss border northward to the coast of the North Sea in Belgium. The trench warfare established a stalemate that lasted, in some areas, until the end of the war on November 11, 1918. For most of that time, the two armies traded dozens of yards of land back and forth and lost thousands of lives in the process, accomplishing essentially nothing. In the last 100 days of the war, concentrated groups of Allied forces' tanks, considerably increased in number and effectiveness since their inception, attacked the German lines and broke through with relative ease.
An individual soldier's time in the trenches was generally limited to about two weeks at a time, to be repeated again and again after a few weeks spent as a support or reserve unit (where they might at any time become actively engaged in warfare) or on a brief leave. In some units, however, soldiers spent as much as 6 months on the front line without break.
About 10% of the soldiers serving in the front lines were killed, more than twice the rate of death of soldiers in World War II. Another 45% were injured.
This is more than you asked for, but World War I trench warfare is such an extraordinary example of military stupidity that I can't stop ranting about it once I start.
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Why was the first world called the war to end all wars?
Because it was such a savage war--fought mostly in trenches dug across disputed territories by soldiers ill-equipped for bad weather (see trench warfare)--World War One was described as the "war to end all wars" by the world's newspapers. It was believed that warfare had become so horrifying--remember that no previous war had been so covered in the international press--that there would never be another war. Men were in the trenches for months at a time. Crowded, damp or even soaking conditions encouraged disease, depression and suicide. Mustard gas attacks crippled or killed thousands. In 1914, there was no such thing as leave, and certainly no relief from the trenches except injury or death. In trench warfare, few advances could be made because that entailed hundreds of soldiers pouring out of the trenches and crossing open country under fire from opposition forces. Trenches were protected from anything other than the most silent of strikes on the darkest of nights by spiralling twists of razor wire. During chaotic attempts to advance, companies brought along bridges that could be laid over the razor wire but under unrelenting machine gun and carbine fire, this was very dificult. Hundreds of men could be lost in a small foray, and because there was no Geneva Convention at that time that allowed for the recovery of the dead, the "no man's land" between one force's trenches and another's was often covered with bodies for days or weeks at a time. World War One's PTSD was called "shell-shock" and many soldiers who had witnessed the horrible wounds made by grenades, the festering sores on the feet of comrades caused by weeks of standing in the mud, the scene of thousands of bodies caught on the wire or lying in the fields being picked apart by crows, the starvation, the scorched earth and dead horses were never the same. It was believed and hoped that the memory of this--the impact of losing almost all of your nation's population of young men, the survivors with their crutches and bandaged stumps, the wheezing of men who had breathed too much mustard gas before deploying their masks, the miles of trenches and open craters, of winter conditions where frostbite claimed toes, feet, hands, noses--would cause humans to turn away from war as a settler of disputes.
Where did Charlemagne live?
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What was happening in history at the time of Surrealism?
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How much time is spent writing?
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Which softwares calculates the time spent on surfing the internet?
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