Basically: when they are faulty.
The original Thermostat on your Trail Blazer should last longer than the warranty, so 60,000 miles or more.
Then the fun starts.
when the thermostat will not open when placed in a cup of boiling water
Every time you change the coolant.
I would start by changing the thermostat. They go out, often, or have a tenacy to stick, and are cheap.
When you overhaul the engine. It is designed to last the life of the engine.
Every 2000 miles
Follow the recommendations in your owners manual or change it every 5,000 miles.
Standard spark plugs, 50000 miles. Platinum tip spark plugs, 100000 miles.
every 10,000 miles
Probably every 5000 miles. Or 6 months.
It has a permanent filer that is changed when the fuel pump is replaced.
look in your owners manual but usually at 100,000 anymore.
If they are platinum plugs, should be every 95,000 to 100,000 miles.