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how is the pressure varition in a sound wave amplified in human ear
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Sound waves accessible by humans are attenuated in water.
Because it is pressure that actually propagates through the medium. When air is the medium, air molecules are displaced outward and then back, in unison with the sound generating object. This 'wave' of pressure, much like a ripple on water, moves through the air outward from the source.
Sound power or sound intensity I is a sound energy quantity.Sound pressure p is a sound field quantity.Sound intensity is sound pressure squared. I = p².See related link.
how is the pressure varition in a sound wave amplified in human ear
Amplitude is the volume of the sound in sound waves. The higher the Amplitude, the louder is the sound. Sound waves are pressure or compression waves in the material through which the sound is traveling. The pressure or compression waves also result in small longitudinal displacements of the atoms or molecules. The amplitude of the sound wave determines the range of variation of pressure, compression, or displacement.
The human is is not sensitive to sound intensity (energy), but the human ear is sensitive to sound pressure or to sound pressure level (SPL). It is ranging from 20 micropascals to 150 pascals, that is a SPL of 0 dB (threshold of hearing) to 137.5 dB (threshold of pain). Scroll down to related links and look at "Table of Sound Levels and corresponding Sound Pressure".
That is not correct. The human ear drums are only sensitive to the sound pressure variations. Also the microphone diaphragms are moved by the amplitude of sound pressure variations. At 0 dBSPL, the threshold of hearing, the sound pressure is 20 micropascals. At 134 dBSPL, the threshold of pain, the sound pressure is 100 pascals.
Our ear drums with the ear/brain system are moved only by sound pressure motions. The sound pressure is the effect, but the sound power (sound intensity) of the source is the cause.
Reference sound intensity Io = 10^−12 W/m² (Threshold of human hearing). Reference sound intensity level LIo = 0 dB-SIL (Threshold of human hearing intensity level). Sound intensity is a sound energy quantity. Our eardrums are moved by sound pressure variations. That is a sound field quantity. Reference sound pressure po = 20 µPa = 2×10^−5 Pa (Threshold of human hearing). Reference sound pressure level Lpo = 0 dB-SPL (Threshold of human sound pressure hearing level).
Reference sound intensity Io = 10^−12 W/m² (Threshold of human hearing). Reference sound intensity level LIo = 0 dB-SIL (Threshold of human hearing intensity level). Sound intensity is measured in watts per meter squared (W/m²) Sound intensity level is measured in decibels (dB). Sound intensity is a sound energy quantity. Our eardrums are moved by sound pressure variations. That is a sound field quantity. Reference sound pressure po = 20 µPa = 2×10^−5 Pa (Threshold of human hearing). Reference sound pressure level Lpo = 0 dB-SPL (Threshold of human hearing sound pressure level). Sound pressure is measured in pascals (Pa) or in newtons per meter squared (N/m²). Sound pressure level is measured in decibels (dB). Sound pressure is a sound field quantity.
Usually sound pressure level (SPL) in decibels (dB) is meant. A sound level meter is an instrument which measures the sound pressure level. The reading from a sound pressure level meter (SPL meter) does not correlate well to human-perceived loudness.
Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing.
Air pressure does not affect transverse sound waves. The temperature is most important to do that. The speed of sound in air is determined by the air itself and is not dependent upon the amplitude, frequency, or wavlength of the sound. Look at the link: "Speed of Sound in Air and the effective Temperature".
The minimum of sound intensity can be theoretically as low as zero decibels. But you seem to mean what the human threshold of hearing is. That reference sound intensity is 10^−12 W/m² equal to 0 dB sound intensity level. Our eardrums are moved by the sound pressure. The reference sound pressure at the human threshold of hearing is po = 20 µPa equal to 0 dB sound pressure level (SPL).
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