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What are the various strategies are used to handle deadlock and what is centralized and distributed deadlock detection and prevention?
There are four strategies of dealing with deadlock problem:1. The Ostrich ApproachJust ignore the deadlock problem altogether.2. Deadlock Detection and RecoveryDetect deadlock and, when it occurs, take steps to recover.3. Deadlock AvoidanceAvoid deadlock by careful resource scheduling.4. Deadlock PreventionPrevent deadlock by resource scheduling so as to negate at least one of the four conditions.
What is deadlock what is starvation How do they differ from each other?
A deadlock occurs when two (or more) threads have created a situation where they are all blocking each other. ... Starvation occurs when a scheduler process (i.e. the operating system) refuses to give a particular thread any quantity of a particular resource (generally CPU).
What are the differences between deadlock avoidance and deadlock prevention in operating systems?
Deadlock Prevention: o Preventing deadlocks by constraining how requests for resources can be made in the system and how they are handled (system design). o The goal is to ensure that at least one of the necessary conditions for deadlock can never hold. * Deadlock Avoidance: o The system dynamically considers every request and decides whether it is safe to grant it at this point, o The system requires additional apriori information regarding the overall potential use of each resource for each process. o Allows more concurrency. Similar to the difference between a traffic light and a police officer directing traffic. * Deadlock deduction:- Often, neither avoidance nor deadlock prevention may be used. Instead deadlock detection and process restart are used by employing an algorithm that tracks resource allocation and process states, and rolls back and restarts one or more of the processes in order to remove the deadlock. Detecting a deadlock that has already occurred is easily possible since the resources that each process has locked and/or currently requested are known to the resource scheduler or OS. Detecting the possibility of a deadlock before it occurs is much more difficult and is, in fact, generally undecidable, because the halting problem can be rephrased as a deadlock scenario. However, in specific environments, using specific means of locking resources, deadlock detection may be decidable. In the general case, it is not possible to distinguish between algorithms that are merely waiting for a very unlikely set of circumstances to occur and algorithms that will never finish because of deadlock. Deadlock detection techniques include, but is not limited to, Model checking. This approach constructs a Finite State-model on which it performs a progress analysis and finds all possible terminal sets in the model. These then each represent a deadlock.
Short note on fragmentation?
Starvation is similar in effect to http://www.answers.com/topic/deadlock-game. Deadlock occurs when two programs each hold resources the other needs to finish, and neither is willing to give them up. Starvation occurs when one program holds resources the other needs, but is unwilling to give them up.
What is deadlock and explain it?
A deadlock is when both sides can't agree on a decision or when something is stuck and can't move. In technology, a deadlock is a situation where a group of processes are permanently blocked as a result of each process having acquired a subset of the resources needed for its completion and waiting for release of the remaining resources held by others in the same group-thus making it impossible for any of the process to proceed.
What is deadlock in rdbms?
Deadlock in a relational database management system (RDBMS) occurs when two or more transactions are unable to proceed because each is waiting for resources that the other transaction holds. This creates a deadlock situation where transactions are effectively stuck and unable to complete. Deadlocks can lead to system performance degradation and require intervention to resolve them.
What is an application thread deadlock?
A deadlock usually occurs when there are multiple threads running. Let us say there are 3 threads A, B and C running.A is holding resources X and is currently for the resource Y to complete the operation. B is holding resources Y and is waiting for resource Z to complete. C is holding Z and is waiting for X to complete. This is called a deadlock, All the 3 threads are waiting on some resources that are being held by other waiting threads. This causes an indefinite waiting which is termed as a Deadlock
Where is 3 systems in the body where diffusion occurs?
Respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal systems.
What is a constitutional deadlock?
Constitutional deadlock is a situation when at least two of the three organs (the executive, the legislative and the judiciary) is at loggerhead with each other. The deadlock occurs when one of the organ action(s) or decision goes beyond their jurisdiction. The other organ would attempt to counter / remedied the situation. It may take sometime before stalemate in the working process of the constitution is solved. See:http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/blog/zim2009/zimbabwe-constitutional-reform-should-govt-ministers-be-mps/ (very good reading) See: http://limboochang.com/?tag=constitutional-crisis-perak-pakatan-rakyat-pkr-activities-democracy-state-assemblies (the worsening of a deadlock) http://www.sodahead.com/united-states/the-17th-amendment-to-the-us-constitution/blog-214601/ (good example) See: http://gravamen.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/constitution-deadlock-sign-of-democracy's-frailty/ (additional reading on constitutional deadlock) See: http://democracyandclasstruggle.blogspot.com/2009/09/prachanda-dahal-hopeful-of-ending.html (political deadlock, but gives an idea what deadlock means.)
What is the difference between online processing and realtime processing?
The different is that real-time processing occurs immediately an a function is set to action. Online processing involves putting functions in a queue and can take time to process.
What conditions are used in breweries to ensure that fermentation occurs efficiently?
magic
How deadlock is achieved in java?
A Deadlock is a situation of indefinite waiting where the system is stuck at a particular point and would do nothing useful. For example Method A is waiting for B's input while B is waiting for C's input and C in turn is waiting for A's input. Here all the 3 methods would continue to wait because they are waiting on one another and the system is stuck. A deadlock usually occurs while using threads. Threads can lock objects on which they are processing and when multiple threads are waiting for the same object a Dead lock may occur. The use of the synchronize keyword can be used to avoid such deadlock situations.
