I'll assume you mean creaming as it would be mentioned in a baking recipie. To cream together butter/margarine/shortening and sugar: place the amounts of sugar and butter as directed by the recipe into a bowl and Method 1- using the back of a wooden spoon sort of MASH and stir together the sugar and butter until it comes together into a cohesive mixture. Method 2- mix using a hand/ standing mixer on medium to medium high speed until everything is incorporated. Proceed with the recipie as directed.
The creaming method in baking refers to the beating (creaming) of the softened butter and sugar to form a light, fluffy, pale cream coloured mix. This incorporates a lot of air into the mix, which helps to make cakes etc soft and light, and also helps to dissolve the sugar, removing any grittiness. Eggs are often beaten in immediately after the creaming stage, further incorporating air into the mix. Then the flour and riisng agents are folded in gently. Many different recipes use this method.
Cream was traditionally skimmed off the top of milk that had been allowed to settle for a few days. The invention of a mechanical cream separator in the 1870s allowed the quicker separation of cream. It uses centrifugal action for the separation of the lighter higher fat cream from the milk.
Milk that has been homogenised does not separate, as the globules of fat are broken into smaller clumps that will not rise.
In baking, sugar and solid fat are beaten together vigorously until the grains of sugar can no longer be felt when touched. This process is called "creaming." The fat can be butter, lard or shortening. Oil can be substituted in some recipes but it will not "cream" in the same way as fats that are solid at room temperatures.
Cream is obtained by letting whole, fresh milk stand until the cream or fat, rises to the top. The cream is skimmed off and reserved. The remaining fat-free liquid is skim milk.
To make whipped cream: First, you buy a carton of "heavy" or "whipping cream," then you put it into a glass bowl and mix it until it's texture is light, fluffy, and creamy.
baking pouder
Bicarbonate of soda mixed with cream of tartar (this mixture is essentially what baking powder is comprised of). I believe the ratio is meant to be 1:3 bicarb to cream of tartar to make baking powder. Otherwise, there are no substitutes, but using self-raising flour may help slightly (depending on the recipe).
Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda, starch and an acid (often tartar) to activate the baking soda. Since baking soda is already in the baking powder, it is possible you will not need any additional baking soda. Baking powder and baking soda are used to "raise" or puff up the pastry - too little and it will not raise properly...too much and it will taste like soda. If you do not have a specific recipe, you will need to experiment.
I am assuming you are out of baking powder? If you have baking soda and cream of tarter, you can substitute that - 2 parts cream of tarter to 1 part baking soda. Use the resulting powder in the proportions the recipe calls for. Alternatively, you can beat your egg whites in the recipe (I might add an additional egg white for extra leavening) and fold them into the yolk/milk/flour mixture. Or you could just make crepes - omitting the baking powder and making a denser, flat pancake, a la Paris!
If you do not have cream of tartar, baking powder will work just as well, or better. If the recipe calls for both cream of tartar and baking soda, leave out the soda if you use baking powder - it already has soda in it.
You can add some baking powder, but it's not an ideal substitute; baking powder is a mixture of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) and cream of tartar. This means you need to add slightly more than is baking powder than the quantity suggested for baking soda; usually around 1/4 teaspoon on top of the quantity suggested for bicarb.
"Baking powder" is a leavening agent and is a mixture of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), one or more acid salts, and a starch (usually cornstarch).
To replace for example 3 teaspoons of baking powder with baking soda, mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 2 teaspoons of cream of tartar.
Actually baking powder can be made by combining 1 part baking soda and 3 parts cream of tartar. This information comes from the recipe book called:"What's Cooking"
Baking powder is a mix of baking soda a base and either citric or cream of tartar as a acid to create a chemical reaction that leavens by creating air bubbles. If you add 1tsp of vinegar, lemon juice to your wet ingredients or 1tsp of cream of tartar or citric acid powder per tsp of baking soda, your recipe rise properly.
Something acidic, or cream of tartar.
I'm not positive. The reverse substitution is for 1 tsp. of baking powder, you use 1/4-1/2 tsp. of baking soda and 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar. So you could try using baking powder instead of cream of tartar, but it's not guaranteed. If there is supposed to be baking soda and cream of tartar in the recipe and you substituted baking powder, that would be more likely to succeed.