An electron is formally assigned a -1 charge. Therefore, if the ion is +1 then that means it has lost an electron- it has 11 normally, so 11-1 = 10 electrons!
For a more thorough explanation try here:
http://www.gcsescience.com/a4-sodium-ion.htm
Valence number is the number of chemical bonds that an element can form- these bonds may be covalent (sharing of electrons) or ionic (transfer of electrons). A valence number of 1 means that the element forms just one bond, for example sodium -- forms NaCl - with an ionic bond; hydrogen forms HCl - with a covalent bond.
The cation of sodium has 11 protons and 10 electrons.
The sodium atom is much bigger than a sodium cation with a plus 1 charge, because the "lost" electron of the ion had a higher principal quantum number than any remaining electron in the ion and therefore was distributed through a larger volume of space than any of the remaining electrons.
Sodium
Hg will have 80 electrons.
The number of electrons is 10.
The atomic number (Z) gives the number of protons in the atom. For a neutral atom, this is equal to the number of electrons. For an ion, plus or minus the number given by the charge. i.e. sodium has atomic number 11, so Na would have 11 electrons and Na+ would have 10 electrons (each electron is -1 remember)
Valence number is the number of chemical bonds that an element can form- these bonds may be covalent (sharing of electrons) or ionic (transfer of electrons). A valence number of 1 means that the element forms just one bond, for example sodium -- forms NaCl - with an ionic bond; hydrogen forms HCl - with a covalent bond.
Na+ will be a sodium atom that has lost an electron. Normally in atoms the amount of protons and electrons are equal, when you see a plus or minus charge on an atom its due to the loss or gain of electrons.
The cation of sodium has 11 protons and 10 electrons.
The sodium atom is much bigger than a sodium cation with a plus 1 charge, because the "lost" electron of the ion had a higher principal quantum number than any remaining electron in the ion and therefore was distributed through a larger volume of space than any of the remaining electrons.
Sodium
Hg will have 80 electrons.
The Mg2 plus cation has 10 electrons.
A monovalent sodium cation.
For a neutral (uncharged) atom, the total number of electrons is equal to the atomic number (number of protons). This would be the sum of the core electrons plus the valence electrons.
2 * Z