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The pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) has, as it's most important day of the five to eight day event, the "standing" at Arafah. The Mount of Mercy, as it is called, is a hill within the large valley called Arafah.

It is not essential to stand on the Mount of Mercy, though many people do because Muhammad did. What is important is to spend the entire day within the area called Arafah. On that day - the ninth day of the twelfth month (called Thul-Hijjah, or "the month of the Hajj") God causes His Mercy to descend upon all who are gathered there sincerely for the worship of Him Alone.

What happened in the time of Muhammad (peace be upon him) on the Mount of Mercy was that, during the pilgrimage, Muhammad stood on that hill and addressed the people. In that address in that pilgrimage (which is called the "farewell Pilgrimage" due to the fact that Muhammad died before the next year) the Prophet of God expressed many important things to his nation. he also hinted that he would not be alive the coming year to make the pilgrimage again.

If you are interested, you can Google the "Farewell Pilgrimage" and read a copy of the sermon he gave.

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Q: In a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca what happened on the mount of mercy?
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