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The US had been split into the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South)
The North was more prepared in terms of arms and materiel, but was slow to bring the advantage to bear. The South, with its extensive militia, alerted by John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, were in a more ready state of deployment, especially since much of the officers serving in the peacetime army were southerners.
They had slaves fighting for them, and they knew the area very well, and also they had the most people. The south had the most up to date equipment and the best military leaders. The north did NOT have good leaders such as McClellan.
They were fighting an offensive war and they were invading a large geographic area.
Y. (South Carolina)
The US had been split into the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South)
The North and the Confederates were the South
The North had a larger railway system than did the South. This however was not taken advantage of by Union forces early on in the war. In fact the South with a smaller railway system was able to use it to more advantage in moving troops internally from battle front to battle front. Supplies needed by the armies developed in the same manner with the South taken a greater advantage with. Later in the war, the Union forces made better use of their railways. In the area of sea transport, the North had a clear advantage. From the beginning of the war it was able to move troops and supplies along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines.
They were located mostly in the North East area, but they were expanding towards the West more. Having all of the railroads in the North actually gave the North an advantage during the Civil War in order to travel good, and was another reason for the victory of the North.
The North was more prepared in terms of arms and materiel, but was slow to bring the advantage to bear. The South, with its extensive militia, alerted by John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, were in a more ready state of deployment, especially since much of the officers serving in the peacetime army were southerners.
It the Civil War in the United States, the south had 2 advantages. First, the south did not need to win. It only needed not to lose. Second, the south did not need to attack, it only needed to defend.
Before the US Civil War, the South was a prosperous area due to the wealth obtained from selling cotton and tobacco. Additionally, the South was politically united in its belief that slavery was the the key to its prosperity and the idea of a possible set of circumstances that threatened slavery was a situation most Southerners agreed upon. During the US Civil War, the South had a number of advantages. One important one was the fact that it did not require the Confederacy to fight a costly offensive war against the North. It had the advantage of simply trying to avoid a devastating series of invasions from the North. It required less troops to fight a defensive war, which for the most part was what the strategy of the South was.
North of the Equator
One major area of disagreement between Abraham Lincoln and Radical Republicans is that Lincoln wanted to restore the United States by uniting North and South after the Civil War. Radical Republicans wanted to keep the South and North separate.
There was a huge economic difference between the North and the South.The South had a more agricultural economy. Relying heavily on labor, from slaves. The South's population was scarce and people lived miles away from each other and owned huge plantations. There wasn't many sea ports and trading occurring in the South. Also, no industrialization was truly happening in the South.The North was completely different. It was highly industrialized and had a way higher population density, it had more people living there than in the South, even though the North had a way smaller land area (Virtually all the fighting in the Civil War occurred in the South). The North had many ports and traded often with other countries, which was a huge advantage during the war.
Those are the polar zones.
As the general for the Southern army, they were fighting on their home turf and the people from the south (being a rural area) had more experience using guns. The south also had access to lots of resources (food).