Well there is no country such as Turkestan. Turkestan is a geographical region which refers to the former Soviet Republics and Turkey (including Northern Cyprus) who speak a Turkic Language. Some propose the creation of Turkistan as an official state derived from the union of its countries.
Some of the Turkic Languages are; Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Azeri, Turkish, Kyrgyz, and etc.
However in most of these countries Russian is widely spoken and the people of these countries feel close ties to Russia (Russian Music and Drama's are popular, although Turkish Media is growing also). One thing to note is former Soviet Republics are very secular and religion is not taken very seriously. Also because of the past history of Soviet Union it is unlikely that these countries will unite to form a Turkistan. (Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are very isolated, and continue to go down this path).
For further information about unions and loyalties of these countries look at CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) and the SCO ( The Shanghai Cooperation Organization).
The republics of Turkestan include the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the Altai Republic, and the Chuvash Republic. The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and the Sakha Republic are also the republics of Turkestan.
The question as phrased makes no sense. Turkestan as a united entity did not exist, so there cannot be "former republics." Perhaps the question was a mash-up of the question: "What are the 5 former republics of the Soviet Union that form Turkestan?" for which the answer would be: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan.
The Transcaucasian republics consist of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The Central Asian republics include Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Historically, most of Turkestan was controlled by the Russian Empire and its successor, the Soviet Union. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the various Turkic republics became independent. Now the largest foreign occupier of Turkestan is the People's Republic of China, which still controls East Turkestan (called Xinjiang by the PRC government).
the transcaucasian republics were made up of these three nations: armenia,azerbaijan,and georgia
Transcaucasia consists of the republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan & Georgia. It is located between the Caucasus Mountains.
Central Asian Republics: Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan the transcuacasian republics: Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
c. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.
Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
Turkestan doesn't formally exist - it's a name for the entire territory of people who speak Turkic languages, which spans over many countries, including parts of Western China. Turkmenistan is also one of these countries. Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia, which was one of the republics of USSR.
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.
Azerbaijan shares common bond with other Soviet Union republics. Azerbaijan was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union. Communisim resulted in the republics becoming very similar over time in culture, literature, and view of the world. Religion is very nominal in Azerbaijan as in many other former Soviet Republics. Azerbaijan has close cultural ties with Russia (since most Azeris can speak Russian fluently), and other central Asian countries which used to be part of the Soviet Union (i.e. Kazakhsatan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan). Georgia is a close neighboor of Azerbaijan, and also is a former Soviet Repubilc. After to end of the Soviet Union in 1991, Azerbaijan increased its ties with Turkey. Turkish language is commonly understood in Azerbaijan, since many Turkish TV programs and music are popular in Azerbaijan. ----- *** In Summary; Azerbaijan has close ties with Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, and Georgia.