No. Tanker is just a written test.
Yes, it would be for either S or P endorsement.
You would have to be more specific about what a Q restriction is. Restriction codes vary by state (here in North Carolina, they are numbered). However, to test for a passenger endorsement, a road test is required as well as a written test, even if you have a CDL already.
Yes - both a written and road test are necessary for the P (passenger) endorsement, regardless of what class of licence you currently possess.
You'll have to take the General Knowledge test, the Air Brakes test (if applicable), and the written test for the passenger endorsement. Additionally, for your road test, you'll be required to road test in a vehicle of the appropriate class and type (it must be a bus), and equipped with air brakes if you're trying to get air brakes on your CDL.
Yes, in Michigan, you are required to have an air brake endorsement to drive a commercial vehicle with air brakes. This endorsement is obtained by passing a written knowledge test specifically for air brake systems.
All you have to do to get the endorsement is pass the written test and road test in a passenger vehicle. However, if you have a Class A CDL and road test in a vehicle requiring only a Class C CDL, you'll be restricted to operating passenger vehicles in that class and lower.
Pass the written passenger test and corresponding road test, and be able to pass a background check.
Yes, but you'll receive a restriction appropriate to the class of vehicle you road test in for your passenger endorsement (e.g., if you road test in an 18k GVW passenger bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class C CDL, if you road test in a 26,001 - 33,000k bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class B or C CDL).
It doesn't exist. A CDL driver must complete the written air brakes test and complete their road test in an air brake equipped vehicle, or else they'll receive a restriction prohibiting them from operating a commercial vehicle equipped with air brakes. For vehicles which aren't considered CMVs, there is no requirement for an endorsement of any sort.
Depends on where you're at. In the US, there is no such thing as an air brake endorsement - only a restriction for CDL drivers who don't both pass the written air brakes test and perform their road test in a vehicle so equipped. In other countries, there is such an endorsement.
A written test may be required as the rules of the road vary from state to state. Depending on circumstances a 'behind the wheel' test may or may not be required. Inquire locally.
On a US licence, there is no air brake endorsement - there is only a restriction for CDL drivers from operating a commercial vehicle equipped with air brakes if they don't complete the written test AND road test in a vehicle equipped with air brakes.