Yes, it would be for either S or P endorsement.
You would have to be more specific about what a Q restriction is. Restriction codes vary by state (here in North Carolina, they are numbered). However, to test for a passenger endorsement, a road test is required as well as a written test, even if you have a CDL already.
Yes - both a written and road test are necessary for the P (passenger) endorsement, regardless of what class of licence you currently possess.
You have to take the written test, and take a road test in the appropriate class of passenger vehicle. If you have a Class B CDL, but your road test is in a vehicle requiring only a Class C CDL, then your endorsement will come with a restriction limiting you to Class C passenger vehicles. If you're trying to get endorsed for a school bus, a criminal background check is also required. The DMV can tell you how to go about doing this.
Yes, but you'll receive a restriction appropriate to the class of vehicle you road test in for your passenger endorsement (e.g., if you road test in an 18k GVW passenger bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class C CDL, if you road test in a 26,001 - 33,000k bus, you'll be restricted to buses requiring a Class B or C CDL).
No. Tanker is just a written test.
All you have to do to get the endorsement is pass the written test and road test in a passenger vehicle. However, if you have a Class A CDL and road test in a vehicle requiring only a Class C CDL, you'll be restricted to operating passenger vehicles in that class and lower.
no, as long as its under 50cc you don't need a motocycle endorsement. Florida Law states: Moped drivers need to have at least a Class E driver's license, and be 16 or older to drive a moped on a public road. A motorcycle endorsement isn't required.
You'll have to take the General Knowledge test, the Air Brakes test (if applicable), and the written test for the passenger endorsement. Additionally, for your road test, you'll be required to road test in a vehicle of the appropriate class and type (it must be a bus), and equipped with air brakes if you're trying to get air brakes on your CDL.
No. To be able to operate a bus designed to transport more than 15 persons (including the driver), you would be required to have a passenger endorsement. Since the passenger endorsement requires a road test, you'd pretty much have to have a licence already in order to get it.
Take the written passenger test, road test in a bus. The only passenger vehicles I've ever seen requiring a Class A CDL were the 'cattle cars' when I was in Basic Training, and those might have fallen under an exemption from requiring a CDL... you'll be restricted to whatever class of license is required for the passenger vehicle you'll road test in, so, if you take it in a bus requiring a Class B, you'll be restricted to passenger vehicles requiring a Class B or C CDL.
There is no air brake endorsement. If you do not pass the written air brakes test AND complete your road test in a vehicle equipped with air brakes, then you get a restriction which prohibits you from operating an commercial vehicle which is equipped with air brakes. It is possible to have a Class A CDL with an air brake restriction.
It would carry passengers in a trailer/trail vehicle. For example, in Army Basic Training, trainees are often transported in gooseneck trailers towed by Class 7 trucks. Were these allowed on public roadways, they would require a Class A with passenger endorsement (and the road test portion of the Passenger test would have to be done in a passenger transport vehicle which required the operator to hold a Class A CDL).