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Damascus was the capital of Umayyad empire.
To construct and decorate the mosque, Walid employed the best craftsmen from Constantinople (now Istanbul) and from the Umayyad Empire.
That the Empire was so unstable that, with the threat of incoming Eurasian peoples, it was unable to make a unified resistance.
Muʿāwiyya
their empire spanned parts of three contintents-Asia,Africa and Europe.
The Umayyad Empire ruled its largest extent for only one year, 750 C.E. It was then deposed by the Abbassids, whose empire immediately shrank (due to the loss of Spain to the Umayyad remnant).
The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad because they wanted to move it closer to Damascus during the time when Umayyad's capital was Damascus. In which means that the Abbasid empire wants to overthrow the Umayyad empire.
Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire.
the spanish and parts of afcrica
it was due to the sepration of the western empire
Under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Arabian Empire spread from Spain in the west to Central Asia in the east, reaching its peak expansion. The empire covered areas such as North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula.
Islam as a religion began to expand to places not yet conquered by the Umayyad Caliphs and their armies, resulting in an expansion of the Islamic World that was greater than the size of the actual Empire. The Empire, though, remained the primary method of Islamic Expansion in this period and this was facilitated by armies and conquest.