extensive urbanization and maritime trade
expansion and conquest
None of the classical empires fell because of diseases.
Classical empires gained more territory by winning wars.
The Sumers, Egyptians, Kushites, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians Httites, Egyptians, Indians, and Chinese had empires
All of the above; Military, Cultural Conservation, and Trading issues.
The question makes an assumption which reverses what actually happened historically. As the Islamic Caliphates expanded, they led to the homogenization of the languages under their authority and the proliferation as Arabic as the dominant language of communication. It was not Arabic that led to the growth of the Islamic Empires, rather the Islamic Empires that led to the growth of Arabic.Once we start getting into international politics and peaceful Islamic evangelism, having a written language, such as Arabic was, was very impressive to the rulers of several empires, especially the Kingdom of Ghana. In order to educate his civil servants about writing, he embraced Islam and set up Islamic schools. In this way Islam spread to new empires, but these regions did not join with the dominant Caliphates in the Middle East and North Africa, but remained independent empires.
They're all Empires.
None of the classical empires fell because of diseases.
Classical empires gained more territory by winning wars.
Islam as a religion expanded as the Islamic Empires expanded through conquest and where Islamic merchants met with receptive cultures outside of the Islamic Empires.
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
the Abbasid. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal were the only early modern Islamic empires
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
religion
The laws of the Songhai Empire were based on Islamic legal principles, following Sharia law. Islamic judges, known as qadis, were responsible for interpreting and enforcing these laws.
Islamic
The classical empires collapsed because of invasion and/or political and economic decay or conflicts between rival regional powers which brought the system down.
Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.Three empires immediately come to mind: the Roman empire, the Parthian/Persian empire and the Chinese empire.