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p53 Function: Pro cell cycle arrest and pro cellular apoptosis. HIF Function: Protection of hypoxic cells from cellular apoptosis NF-kB Function: Role in immunity, cell apoptosis, inflamatory response and cell survival. c-myc Function: It is a proto oncogene (understand the characteristics of proto - oncogenes) FOS Function: Role in signalling and cell survival In case of any querry feel free to ask Dr. Rajan Gogna Jawaharlal Nehru University
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Eukaryotic are controlled by what group of proteins?
Eukaryotic cells are controlled by a group of proteins called transcription factors. These proteins regulate the transcription of genes by binding to specific DNA sequences and influencing the expression of those genes. They play a crucial role in gene regulation and cell function in eukaryotic organisms.
Eukaryotic DNA sequences called enhancers have a function similar to the of prokaryotic operons?
Eukaryotic DNA sequences called enhancers have a function similar to the operators of prokaryotic operons. In eukaryotic cells, repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to silencers.
Can eukaryotic Cells control gene expression by using transcription factors?
Yes, eukaryotic cells can control gene expression using transcription factors. Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to DNA and either promoting or inhibiting gene expression. They play a crucial role in controlling when and where genes are turned on or off in response to various signals and cellular conditions.
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
The first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription is at the initiation stage, where transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter region of a gene to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription. This process is regulated by various factors including activators, repressors, and chromatin modifiers that influence the accessibility of the DNA to the transcription machinery.
Explain the role of transcription factors and enhancers in eukaryotic gene expression?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes, acting as activators or repressors of gene expression. Enhancers are regulatory DNA elements that can be located far from the gene they regulate; they enhance the binding of transcription factors to the promoter region, facilitating the assembly of the transcription machinery. Together, transcription factors and enhancers play a crucial role in the precise control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells, allowing for cellular differentiation and response to environmental signals. This complex interaction ensures that genes are expressed at the right time and in the right amounts.
Does eukaryotic transcription begin before the promoter clearance?
No, Eukayotic transcription begins after promoter clearance. Promoter clearance just prepares the transcription initiation complex to begin elongation. Promoter clearance does not produce any functional gene.
Is the tata box found on prokaryotes eukaryotes?
The TATA box is found in the promoter region of eukaryotic genes, but it is not commonly found in prokaryotic genes. It is a DNA sequence that helps to bind transcription factors and initiate gene transcription in eukaryotic organisms.
Where does the process of transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The DNA is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase with the help of transcription factors. The newly transcribed RNA is then processed and transported out of the nucleus for translation in the cytoplasm.
What does Transcription in eukaryotes require in addition to RNA polymerase?
Transcription in eukaryotes requires additional transcription factors, which are proteins that help RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region of a gene, initiate transcription, and regulate gene expression. These transcription factors are essential for the accurate and efficient transcription of genes in eukaryotic cells.
Why does chromatin remodeling have to be the first step in gene activation?
Eukaryotic DNA can be highly packaged in condensed chromatin and inaccessible to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
Transcription factors function in the expression of Genes by what?
Transcription factors function in gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences near genes, thereby regulating the transcription process. They can act as activators, enhancing the recruitment of RNA polymerase and promoting gene expression, or as repressors, inhibiting transcription. Additionally, they often respond to various cellular signals, allowing for precise control over gene expression in response to environmental changes or developmental cues. Through these mechanisms, transcription factors play a crucial role in determining when and how genes are expressed.
What are enhancers in eukaryotes?
Enhancers are short DNA sequences that can increase transcription of specific genes by interacting with transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. They are located at variable distances from the gene they regulate and can function in an orientation-independent manner. Enhancers play a key role in gene expression regulation in eukaryotic cells.
