Participle can be used as an attribute; adverbial modifier of time, cause, manner; predicative.
The fence surrounding the garden is newly painted. (attribute)
Having reached the classroom, she became the object of many questions. ( adverbial modifier of time)
Having been a little in that line myself, I understood it. (cause)
Gwendolen was silent, again looking at her hands. (manner)
The effect of her words was terrifying. (predicative)
A gerund has the same spelling as the present participle of the same verb, but the gerund functions as a noun in a sentence and a participle does not.
Semantically, they are just syntactic sugar for a normal function definition.
"Riding" is the present participle form of the verb "ride". "Riding" usually functions in a sentence as a noun (gerund) or adjective (participle) or to introduce a phrase with one of those functions.
The word "trained" can be both a participle and a gerund depending on its use in a sentence. As a participle, it functions as an adjective (e.g., "the trained dog"). As a gerund, it functions as a noun (e.g., "training is important").
Wishing can be both a participle and a gerund. As a participle, it functions as an adjective modifying a noun, while as a gerund, it acts as a noun representing an action or state. In the sentence "I am wishing for good health," wishing is a gerund.
Syntactic context refers to the grammatical structure and arrangement of words in a sentence or phrase. It helps determine the meaning of individual words or phrases based on their placement within a sentence and the relationships they have with other words. Understanding syntactic context is essential for interpreting language accurately.
"Staying" is the present participle or gerund form of the verb "stay". In a sentence, the participle usually functions as an adjective and the gerund as a noun, but the participle can also function as a verb as part of a progressive tense.
"Planning" can function as both a participle and a gerund. As a participle, it acts as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., "the planning committee"). As a gerund, it functions as a noun in a sentence (e.g., "Planning is important").
A participle phrase is a phrase that includes a present or past participle verb and its modifiers. It functions as an adjective in a sentence, providing more information about a noun or pronoun. For example, "running quickly" or "cooked by the chef" are participle phrases.
A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun. It always ends with -ing, the present participle of a verb. A gerund is a present participle, but the difference lies in how it functions in the sentence: as a noun instead of a verb.Gerund: Dancing is my favorite activity.Present participle: I am dancing in the talent show.Gerund: I heard the breaking of glass.Present participle: I hear the waves breaking on the shore.
"Domesticated" is either the past indicative or past participle form of the verb "domesticate". The past participle often functions in a sentence as an adjective, as in the sentence, "Domesticated animals generally have greater economic value to humans than do wild animals."
There is no participle in that sentence.