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Use a digital volt meter set to the 20 volt DC scale. A good alternator will output 13.5 to 15.5 volts.
with a voltmeter
Check the voltage with a volt meter at the battery with the engine running at idle. You should read 13.5 to 15.5 volts. Any less and the alternator is not charging properly.
The best way is to drive it to your nearest auto parts store and have it tested. You can test it somewhat yourself. Start the engine and use a volt meter to test the voltage that is being supplied by the alternator for the battery. If it is less than 13.5 volts the alternator is bad.
The way to test an alternator is to take it out and take it to a parts store, most will test it for free. If you want to test your alternator yourself you will need a volt meter. Start the car and have someone rev the motor to 2000 rpms and put your volt meter across the battery terminals ( pos to pos, neg to neg ). You should read 13.5 to 14 volts. If the reading is higher the voltage regulator is bad. If the reading is lower your alternator is not charging the battery sufficiently.
Most likely your alternator is failing or has failed. Try to get tbe vehicle to an auto parts retailer and see if they'll test the alternator for you. The test is usually free.
Checking Alternator ConditionHere in my area [SE Texas] all of the national chain type auto parts stores [O'Reilly, Advance, Autozone, etc.] have handheld test equipment with which they can test batteries, alternators, electrical systems, etc. while my vehicle is parked in their parking lot.This service is free. Check it out as maybe some parts stores in your area have this service.
Test the volts out with a Volt Meter. Or take it to Advance Auto Parts. They will check it for free.
Check fuseable link on alternator Check fuseable link on alternator
I use a Digital Volt/ohm meter and test the output of the alternator at the battery or at the main output terminal of the alt. If I'm still in doubt i pull the alt and have it tested at Autozone for free.
Purchase a power inverter.
If we are talking about cars only: the system that charges the 500 volt battery in a Hybrid is a Alternator. So in theory there is no limit. Most cars are "12 volt" (common usage, incorrect) systems.