The skill of ironworking spread across Asia africa and europe through the migration of ironsmiths from what empire?

Answer 1

It used to be believed that iron smelting originated among the Hittites of Anatolia (present day Turkey), whose empire was based on the advantage of their monopoly on ironworking. It was also believed that it was spread thought the Middle East by the Sea People, a confederacy of seafaring raiders whose provenance is unknown and who invaded Anatolia, Syria, Canaan (the Levant, modern-day Lebanon, Israel, the western part of Jordan and south-western Syria), Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age. However, this theory is now discredited because a comparable number of iron objects dating to the same period have been found throughout the Middle East, challenging the notion of a Hittite monopoly and questioning the Hittite origin of ironworking.

It used to be believed that iron smelting originated among the Hittites of Anatolia (present day Turkey), whose empire was based on the advantage of their monopoly on ironworking. It was also believed that it was spread thought the Middle East by the Sea People, a confederacy of seafaring raiders whose provenance is unknown and who invaded Anatolia, Syria, Canaan (the Levant, modern-day Lebanon, Israel, the western part of Jordan and south-western Syria), Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age. However, this theory is now discredited because a comparable number of iron objects dating to the same period have been found throughout the Middle East, challenging the notion of a Hittite monopoly and questioning the Hittite origin of ironworking.

Iron working was introduced to Europe in the late 11th century BC, after the Hittite Empire had fallen. The widespread use ironworking appeared in Asia simultaneously with Europe, but was probably an independent development. It seems that in Sub-Saharan Africa ironworking emerged independently.