Vicksburg's surrender closed the Mississippi to Southern traffic, completing phase two of the Anaconda Plan, leading to the defeat of the South from lack of supplies and reinforcements.
Nobody surrendered. By chance, McClellan learned that Lee's divisions were widely separated, and he had a chance to destroy them, one by one. Also by chance, there was a Confederate spy in the Union camp, who alerted Lee, and the latter concentrated his forces at Antietam Creek. The ensuing battle was won by the Union army, but Lee managed to get his men back to Virginia.
The Battle of Gettysburg.
because they did
No, Jackson was killed in the big battle of Chancellorsville, about two months before Gettysburg. Gettysburg was the next big battle after Jackson's death, and he was sorely missed by the Confederates.
A large Union force in a superior defensive position…
because they did
With some difficulty, Grant got his army across the Mississippi, downstream from Vicksburg, then marched into the interior of Mississippi State, and forced the Confederates back into their lines in the river-port of Vicksburg. There were attempts at storming the garrison, but these failed, with considerable casualties, and Grant settled down to a long siege. Eventually the garrison surrendered on July the Fouth 1863 - by chance at the same moment that the Confederates lost the Battle Of Gettysburg.
the union; the confederates surrendered.
Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia.
Meade for the Union. Lee for the Confederates.
battle of gettysburg
a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered
The Union armies under Ulysses Grant. The Confederates under John C. Pemberton surrendered the garrison, which was the last Southern stronghold on the Mississippi.
General Robert E. Lee.
the confederates no longer invaded the north
Lee commanded the Confederates.
Nobody surrendered. By chance, McClellan learned that Lee's divisions were widely separated, and he had a chance to destroy them, one by one. Also by chance, there was a Confederate spy in the Union camp, who alerted Lee, and the latter concentrated his forces at Antietam Creek. The ensuing battle was won by the Union army, but Lee managed to get his men back to Virginia.