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Background checks are unregulated.
A prospective employer may be interested in your health because many employers pay a portion of their employees' health insurance. Health insurance premiums may be higher if you are in poor health or a regular smoker. However, a potential employer is not legally allowed to ask questions about health during an interview.
Employers can ask that in every state.
A prospective employer can ask ANYTHING. It must not consider race, sex, religion, age, or disability if it has more than 14 employees.
A prospective employer DOES have the right to ask about your employment history.
No federal or state statutes prevent employers from ASKING anything. Very few laws restrict employers from ANSWERING prospective employers questions.
If you list your past employers, yes they ask them if they wish. However most employers are pretty neutral when replying to questions about ex-employees.
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Employers are NOT restricted in making factual comments on former employers. They are liable only if they make knowingly false statements. Prospective employers can ask about your former job, too.
Here in the States, potential employers are not allowed to ask how the former employment was terminated. They can only seek character references. No law prohibits employers from giving thorough info on former employees to anyone who inquires. Former employees have zero expectation of privacy regarding their work record, attendance, attitude, skill, or disciplines. EMployers who express no falsehoods about a former employee have zero liability for defamation.
Your work history, is all...
What's your salary requirement?