barbed wire
carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is used to help mark cells. This carbohydrate sequence is unique for those cells.
yes
B cells make antibodies when they recognize antigens.
in the endoplasmic reticulum
barbed wire
carbohydrates
antigens
carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is used to help mark cells. This carbohydrate sequence is unique for those cells.
Neurons are the cells that carry signals from one neuron to another neuron, a muscle, or a gland.
At a basic level here's how it works: The surfaces of our cells have protein "markers" embedded in them, each person's markers are unique. If the immune system doesn't recognize the markers on a cell, it will attack it as being foreign. This usually works pretty well asa defense systems go, however, there are times (autoimmune diseases like Grave's disease, MS and rheumitoid arthritis) when the system attacks the body's own cells anyway or other diseases (HIV, etc) where the immune system doesn't recognize foreign cells, so doesn't attack.
By recognizing self from non-self. Every cell in the body carries specific protein markers that are recognized by all immune cells so they do not attack self, at least when the system is operating well.
This is protein called a self-marker. It sort of tells the immune cells that it belongs. If the immune cell doesn't read it right, it will attack and cause an autoimmune problem.
yes
Many are active and passive transmember proteins for the passage of material into and out of the cell and some are markers on the cell surface that distinguish one bodies cells from another bodies cells.
Yes they do send out signals