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Explain the function of replication?
DNA replication requires the opening of the 'zipped up' DNA strand. This is so a 'new' strand of DNA can be inserted and have a template strand to 'read' off. DNA polymerase analyses the bases on the template strand and adds each complementary base to synthesise the 'new' strand. In order for DNA polymerase to be able to do this the DNA has to be opened up by helicase to reveal the bases of the template strand. The unzipping of the DNA by helicase forms the replication fork. Thus the function of the replication fork is to reveal template strands for DNA replication to actually occur.
What are complimentary way DNA's nitrogen bases bond together allow the molecule to make an identical copy If a mistake is made in the replication of DNA it is called a?
chromosomal defect
Does DNA replication start at only one place in the DNA?
What do you mean by one area? If by one area you mean does it start at one area then stop and continue on another area then no, DNA replication is continuous and when it takes place it is the most important thing going on in the cell. The cells resources are directed at this process * DNA replication means copying the entire DNA molecule, so it involves the entire molecule, but not all at the same time. In bacteria (prokaryotic cells) replication begins at one point in the molecule and continues all the way round the circular molecule.Beginning at just one place would take too long in eukaryotic cells; someone has calculated that our longest chromosomes would take about a fortnight to replicate, and we cannot wait that long! So replication begins at a number of sites along the length of the DNA molecule. At each replication site, as the DNA strands are separated there is a bulge in the molecule called a replication bubble. As replication proceeds these bubbles become longer, and eventually they merge into one another and the job is done.
What is the difference between the Helicase and DNA polymerase enzme?
The helicase in a way unzipps the wound DNA. DNA Polymerase then matches the nucleotide bases with free floating one so that A matches with T (or in RNA U) and G matches with C. Creating two new strands of DNA and completing DNA replication.
What is the difference between replication of DNA and amplifcation of DNA in PCR?
DNA cloning is where you take a piece of DNA and put it in a host cell so that every time the host cell replicates, its daughter cells will have that exact copy of DNA. DNA amplification is just taking a piece of DNA and making copies of it, like in the process of PCR. it is not inside a host cell. another way to think of it: you can amplify a gene--make a bunch of copies of it, and then clone it (by putting it in a cell and once that cell replicates each daughter cell has a copy of that DNA). you don't need to amplify anymore in cloning, you already did that before.
What is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied called?
dna replication. can be summarised as the two helical strands of dna unravelling through the action of enzymes and the corresponding nitrogenous bases of each being matched up (A-T, C-G) to form two identical strands
Explain the function of replication?
DNA replication requires the opening of the 'zipped up' DNA strand. This is so a 'new' strand of DNA can be inserted and have a template strand to 'read' off. DNA polymerase analyses the bases on the template strand and adds each complementary base to synthesise the 'new' strand. In order for DNA polymerase to be able to do this the DNA has to be opened up by helicase to reveal the bases of the template strand. The unzipping of the DNA by helicase forms the replication fork. Thus the function of the replication fork is to reveal template strands for DNA replication to actually occur.
What part of the cell does replication occur?
Replication is a process of synthesizing a new DNA strand complementary to a parent strand acting as a template. It takes place in a nucleus of a cell.
What are complimentary way DNA's nitrogen bases bond together allow the molecule to make an identical copy If a mistake is made in the replication of DNA it is called a?
chromosomal defect
Does DNA replication start at only one place in the DNA?
What do you mean by one area? If by one area you mean does it start at one area then stop and continue on another area then no, DNA replication is continuous and when it takes place it is the most important thing going on in the cell. The cells resources are directed at this process * DNA replication means copying the entire DNA molecule, so it involves the entire molecule, but not all at the same time. In bacteria (prokaryotic cells) replication begins at one point in the molecule and continues all the way round the circular molecule.Beginning at just one place would take too long in eukaryotic cells; someone has calculated that our longest chromosomes would take about a fortnight to replicate, and we cannot wait that long! So replication begins at a number of sites along the length of the DNA molecule. At each replication site, as the DNA strands are separated there is a bulge in the molecule called a replication bubble. As replication proceeds these bubbles become longer, and eventually they merge into one another and the job is done.
Why is DNA replication called semi conservative?
DNA replication of one helix of DNA results in two identical helices. If the original DNA helix is calledthe "parental" DNA, the two resulting helices can be called "daughter" helices. Each of these two daughter helices is a nearly exact copy of the parental helix (it is not 100% the same due to mutations).DNA creates "daughters" by using the parental strands of DNA as a template or guide. Each newly synthesized strand of DNA (daughter strand) is made by the addition of a nucleotide that is complementary to the parent strand of DNA. In this way, DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning that one parent strand is always passed on to the daughter helix of DNA.
What is the difference between the Helicase and DNA polymerase enzme?
The helicase in a way unzipps the wound DNA. DNA Polymerase then matches the nucleotide bases with free floating one so that A matches with T (or in RNA U) and G matches with C. Creating two new strands of DNA and completing DNA replication.
What is the difference between replication of DNA and amplifcation of DNA in PCR?
DNA cloning is where you take a piece of DNA and put it in a host cell so that every time the host cell replicates, its daughter cells will have that exact copy of DNA. DNA amplification is just taking a piece of DNA and making copies of it, like in the process of PCR. it is not inside a host cell. another way to think of it: you can amplify a gene--make a bunch of copies of it, and then clone it (by putting it in a cell and once that cell replicates each daughter cell has a copy of that DNA). you don't need to amplify anymore in cloning, you already did that before.
Why are there many replication forks during DNA replication?
The DNA polymerase enzymes can only operate from the 3' end of the chain to the 5' end, not the other way. The two helices that make up the double helix of DNA are oriented oppositely, as shown in the diagram above, making the DNA polymerase enzymes move in opposite directions.
What enzymes check for mistakes in replication?
proof reading enzymes, e.g. the exonuclease domain of some DNA polymerases.
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
DNA replication of one helix of DNA results in two identical helices. If the original DNA helix is calledthe "parental" DNA, the two resulting helices can be called "daughter" helices. Each of these two daughter helices is a nearly exact copy of the parental helix (it is not 100% the same due to mutations).DNA creates "daughters" by using the parental strands of DNA as a template or guide. Each newly synthesized strand of DNA (daughter strand) is made by the addition of a nucleotide that is complementary to the parent strand of DNA. In this way, DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning that one parent strand is always passed on to the daughter helix of DNA.
What is semi-conservative replication?
It is highly important for DNA to be able to replicate itself so that chromosomes can be copied to give the exact same genetic code to every new cell that is made. It is the base pairing rules that allow DNA to replicate.DNA replication takes part before cell division during mitosis and meiosis. It occurs in the Interphase stage of division. In this phase, the chromosomes become long, unravelled threads of chromatin making them visible under the microscope.Replication happens in a series of different steps, each controlled by enzymes, with ATP supplying energy.Two identical DNA molecules result from the replication process, with one original strand and one new strand. This process is called semi-conservative replication.It is important to understand that semi-conservative replication is a complex, enzyme-controlled reaction. To understand just how complex DNA replication can be, it must be stated that deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar. Chemists number the carbon atoms, 1 to 5. The phosphate group bonds C3 from one sugar to C5 of the net sugar, giving an antiparallel structure.Because of this antiparellel structure, it influences DNA replication and becomes a complex process. The main steps in semi-conservative replication are outlined here:1. The enzyme helicase unwinds the DNA helix and the base pairs are exposed.2. The enzyme polymerase joins new bases, known as nucleotides, to the existing strand.3. DNA polymerase, however, cannot begin adding bases directly to a new strand from scratch. A primer molecule containing an RNA of about 10 nucleotides is needed to start the replication. The RNA primer is removed later on when the process is finished.4. The only way DNA polymerase can work is by bonding nucleotides directly down the entire length of the 3' - 5' strang. This is referred to as the leading strand in replication.5. The other strand (running 5' - 3' ) must be copied in short segments of around 1000 bases, called Ohazaki fragments. This is known as the lagging strand in DNA replication.6. The enzyme ligase bonds the Ohazaki fragments to form one continuous strand of DNA.7. To ensure replication is as fast as possible, the DNA helix is opened at many sites along the entire molecule for simultaneous replication. Each opening becomes a replication fork allowing replication to proceed in both directions from the fork. This technique makes the DNA replication very fast and efficient.
