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What are 2 controls used in the Ames test and why are they needed?
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What is the test used for detecting chemicals with carcinogenic potential?
The Ames Test
Describe the control component in an Ames Test?
The Ames test is a quick method that uses bacteria to assay for cancer causing chemicals. A false positive is possible when a nitrogen based material is used.
Purpose of liver extract in the Ames test?
Ames test is used to test whether a certain substance is mutagenic. Liver extract is optionally added to simulate the effect of metabolism, as some compounds, like benzo[a]pyrene, are not mutagenic themselves but their metabolic products are.
Describe the principle of the Ames test for identifying chemical carcinogens?
A test used to determine the mutagenic potential of a substance based on the mutation rate of bacteria that are exposed to the substance.
How are controls used in urine testing?
Controls are used as a healthy sample to compare another person's urine test to. Knowing what is healthy helps doctors to see what is unhealthy.
What is the principle behind the Ames test?
The Ames assay is a pre-clinical testing assay that uses bacteria to determine if a compound causes genetic damage. It is used by a variety of companies (pharmaceutical, cosmetic, petroleum) to assess whether or not new compounds cause DNA damage and thus, potentially, cancer.
Why the open and short ckt test of transformer is needed?
The open/short-circuit test on a transformer isn't 'needed'. It's only used if you want to find out the efficiency of a transformer.
What are the limitations of the Ames Test?
This test uses prokaryotes which means it isn't a perfect model for humans even after rat liver enzymes are added. Mutagens this test finds might also not be carcinogenic, meaning further tests are required. In addition not all carcinogens are mutagens (such as asbestos) meaning this test won't find them. Finally, some nitrate-containing substances can cause a false positive by production of nitric oxide. An example of this is nitroglycerin which is still widely used in treatment but gives a positive Ames result. Hope this is useful!
Could a drug test tell if you use a babys piss for a drug test?
Generally, yes ... based on temperature controls and other factors (used to verify that an individual's sample is theirs).
What is a butterfly clamp to chemistry?
The clamp is used in a chemistry lab. It is used to grip the test tubes and flasks needed for the experiments.
What are three advantages of the Ames test?
The Ames test is one of the oldest, most common tests for mutagens. It uses a strain of S. typhimurium that contains a mutation which prevents the synthesis of histidine, an essential amino acid.The test measures the rate of reversion mutation; ie., the bacteria must regain the the ability to synthesize histidine to grow. Chemicals which increase the rate of mutation increase the number of colonies which grow on minimal media. Here we will be testing the ability of several substances to cause reversions.The use and advantages of the Ames test is based on the assumption that any substance that is mutagenic may also turn out to be a carcinogen, that is, to cause cancer. Although, in fact, some substances that cause cancer in laboratory animals do not give a positive Ames test (and vice-versa), the ease and low cost of the test make it invaluable for screening substances in our environment for possible carcinogenicity.
How is a hypothesis used in science?
A hypothesis is an "educated guess". An example of how it could be used: John needed to test his hypothesis about molecular degenaration.
