In most discrete bipolar junction transistors the substrate is the collector. In monolithic integrated circuits the bipolar junction transistors are electrically isolated from the substrate, either by reversed biased junctions or insulator (e.g. sapphire). Some older bipolar junction transistor types (usually made with germanium) the substrate is the base. In bipolar point contact transistors the substrate was the base.
These are two types of bipolar junctions used in transistors.
pnp answer
No. The PNP and NPN transistors are exactly opposite each other in polarity. You cannot just replace one for the other without redesigning the circuit.
NPN and PNP transistors function in essentially the same way. The power supply polarities are simply reversed for each type. The only major difference between the two types is that the NPN transistor has a higher frequency response than the PNP-because electron flow is faster than hole flow. Therefore high frequency applications will utilize NPN transistors.
result of output characteristics of npn transister in CB mode
The primary reason that NPN transistors are used more often than PNP transistors is that they usually operate faster (at higher frequencies) because the mobility of the current carriers in NPN transistors (electrons) is much higher than that of the current carriers in PNP transistors (holes).
pnp answer
pnp and npn transistor
diff. between npn and pnp transristor
NPN and PNP are transistor types. The difference in the way the layers of semiconductor material are doped with impurities.
BT169 is neither an NPN nor a PNP transistor. BT169 is a thyristor, otherwise known as a silicon controlled rectifier.
NPN, PNP only classified to BJT, while FET classified as P-channel , N-channel
pnp
Switching is faster in NPN transistor than PNP. Because movement of electrons is faster than holes.
PNP is sourcing. NPN is sinking. You generally connect NPN to ground and your PLC(or any load)input. With PNP you connect to V+ and to your PLC. Your PLC (load) should have the same ground or V+. Sourcing (PNP) provides a path to +24DC generally. Sinking (NPN) provides a path to 0V DC.
no
To save a decoupling capacitor & biasing resistors for the PNP.
no, the emitter base junction should be foward for both npn and pnp to act as amplifiers.