sssssssssuuuuuuuuuucccccckkkkkkkkkk dddddddddiiiiiiiiiiiiiccccccccckkkkkkkk
Some of the Variable costs are Fuel Cost, energy, and operating cost
Some fixed costs of running a shopping center would be rent, employee salary (if not commission based), utilities (if you maintain consistent hours of operation). Some variable costs would be Cost of goods sold, commissions, and perhaps shipping costs.
Yes generally direct costs are variable costs but there may be some direct costs which can be fixed costs as well.
Some costs are semi-variable, e.g. electricity, maintenance, and rise with output but not inproportion. Labour may be fixed in the short run.
Raw materials
Some costs are semi-variable, e.g. electricity, maintenance, and rise with output but not inproportion. Labour may be fixed in the short run.
At zero production variable cost will be zero because variable cost is the cost occured for producing a product but their will be some fixed cost.
Fixed costs are those expenses that do not change in proportion to the activity within the relevant period. And variable costs are costs that can be varied flexibly as the conditions change. So your personal fixed cost could be the fix line rent that you pay for the cell phone or the admission fee of your school. The variable costs could be your monthly shopping, tuition fees that depends on the courses etc.
One example of a variable cost in a business is labor costs because the amount of people a business employs fluctuates greatly, especially during the holiday season. Another example of a variable cost is the cost of materials.
Many costs includes fixed as well as variable portion for example electricity cost in which there may be some portion of expense which remains fixed while some change due to higer or lower production.
Variables costs in an establishment are costs that vary depending on uncontrollable or unpredictable circumstances. Some variable costs in a restaurant include the cost of labor, ingredients, utility bills, and operational materials like cups, napkins, and plates.
Indirect material is normal fixed cost that is why it is allocated using some kind of ratio or formula.