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The Antarctic Treaty was established and signed by 12 nations in 1959, including Argentina, Australia, Belgium Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, USSR (Russia), South Africa, the United Kingdom and the USA.

The Treaty applies to the region south of 60 degrees latitude and states in part -

  • Antarctica should always be used for peaceful purposes and military activities are prohibited on the continent.
  • There must be freedom of scientific research throughout Antarctica.
  • Any member nation can inspect any other nation's stations and activities.
  • Nuclear testing and radioactive waste disposal are banned in Antarctica.

In 1991, a further document called the Madrid Protocol was signed giving more environmental protection to Antarctica and its surrounds. It places an indefinite ban on mining and exploration for minerals and further protects Antarctica's flora and fauna, deals with management of waste disposal and prevention of marine pollution.

It also created some protected areas and a standard of principles that all who visit and work in Antarctica must obey.

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11y ago
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13y ago

The aim of the Antarctic Treaty was to preserve Antarctica and all other land and water south of latitude 60° south, for peaceful purposes, particularly for scientific research.

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Q: What are the aims of the treaties that govern Antarctica?
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