What are the causes of dramatic increase in the population of developing nations?

Answer 1

There are three main reasons why populations increase, decreased death rates, increased birthrate and net positive migration.

Developing economies are powerhouses that require workers for fuel. They suck in mass Immigration from neighbouring poorer countries, often reducing immigration controls to allow this. Brazil quickly became a melting pot of races with People of more than 70 different nationalities were recorded. Dubai's massive building expansion is reliant on cheat and pliable foreign labour. China's immigration was 600000 in 2010.

Developing nations are playing catch up they often can't afford the health and safety controls of more developed countries. Poorer countries tend to be more religious than more developed nations so Birth Control is often not allowed or not easily accessed. Developing nations have higher illiteracy rates so even women who know about birth control and are able to access it are likely to have bigger families because infant mortality rates and adult mortality rates are higher than in developed nations with their mature health care systems. In the last 50 years India's birthrate has halved form 6 to 2.8 children but it is predicted that India will only reach a near-replacement total fertility rate of 2.2 by the year 2050. India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven. This may affect its future population numbers. Its population rise was 1.3 % in 2011. At the moment India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030.

China's birthrate continues to fall as the effect of its one child policy affects the next generation. China's preference for boys has meant there was an imbalance in the sex ratio at birth with not enough woman to men, 100 woman to 118 men. At the moment there are about 9 million more boys than girls in China, There will be estimated 30 million more men than women in 2020. There has been a major loosening of the policy was enacted in December 2013, allowing families to have two children if one parent is an only child which may ease this disparity and see the population increase rising. The population growth rate for 2013 is estimated to be 0.46%.

There is usually a decrease in mortality in developing nations. Life expectancy increases as general conditions improve and diets change. India's life expectancy has risen to 65.8 years from 40 years, which it is still significantly lower than in the west and some other developed countries. Brazil's life expectancy has risen from 50.9 in the 1950's to 72.2 at the end of the last decade. With increasing wealth developing nations often move to a western diet or the diet of richer classes consuming more and consuming more meat which can increase life expectancy. China's rapid growth has pulled hundreds of millions of its people out of poverty since 1978. Health care has improved dramatically in China since 1949 but increases in life expectancy in China are gradually leveling off, as other factors such as increase pollution from increased industrialisation may be having a counteracting effect. China now has an increasingly aging population; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Due to China's one child policy one adult child is often left having to provide support and care for two parents and four grandparents; the "1-2-4 problem".

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Developed nations also have increasing populations due to decreased death rates, increased birthrate and net positive migration for similar reasons.

In the West and many developed nations birth control is considered a norm and a perk. We have children later in life to suit our careers and lifestyles. We have smaller families for the same reasons. The UK's fertility rate had been falling. It peaked at 2.95 children per woman in 1964 and fell to its lowest level of 1.63 in 2001 until it started rising due to net migration. The total fertility rate is currently 1.98 at Statistics for 2011 live births in England and Wales. The UK's total fertility rate is below its replacement rate of 2.075. 25.5% of children were born to mothers born outside the UK in 2011. In the uk average (mean) age of mother at birth was 29.7 years and 47.2% of children were born to un-married women in 2011.

The birthrate in France has fallen so low that the French government will pay families to have larger families. They increased a monthly grant for mothers who take time off work for a third baby. Parents with three or more children can also obtain "Large Family" cards that bring discounts on public transport and cut-price deals on household goods and leisure activities. With 1.9 children per woman, France has one of the highest birth rates in Europe. Of the 25 nations in the European Union, only Ireland has a higher rate. "But it's still not enough for us to reproduce our generations," Evelyne Sullerot, one of France's leading sociologists. France's fertility rate is rising and getting close to its replacement level but Frances population is top heavy. It is an upside down triangle. Its birthrate is too small, to support its large ageing population.

There has been increased immigration into many developed nations from countries and groups who traditionally have larger families and often younger populations. Migrants are usually young fertile people looking for work and a new life. Migrants often come from poorer, more religious countries, where larger families are the custom and birth control is less prevalent. In UK and the USA there has been a rise in positive net immigration. Some immigrants from Eastern Europe are Muslim and many southern Europeans are catholic as are many South Americans moving to the USA. Between May 2004 and September 2009, 1.5 million workers migrated from the new EU member states to the UK, since many returned home, the final increase from these new member states in the UK was roughly 700,000 over that period. In 2010 the estimated no of people born outside the EU was 4.7 million. In 2008, the French national institute of statistics INSEE estimated that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their direct descendants (second generation) lived in France representing 19% of the country's population. About 5.5 million are of European origin and 4 million of Maghrebi origin (with at least one grandparent from Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia). France in 2010, 80.1% had two French parents, 13.3% had one French parent, and 6.6% had two foreign-born parent.

The decreased mortality rate and increased death age in developed countries is having a major effect on population increases. The developed populations are ageing better due to improved general conditions, health and safety controls, better diet and environmental conditions and major developments in health care. Money makes a different too. Many of today's baby boomer pensioners are financially independent and secure enough to treat and look after themselves and their welfare. The gap in life expectancy between rich and poor persists. After some fluctuation, the gap is larger now than in the early 1970s. Men and women from the richest social class can on average expect to live more than seven years longer than those in the poorest social class. Healthy life expectancy is 65 years in England for males and females. In 2010 the average population age was 39.9 projected to increase to age 42.2 by 2035. Life expectancy in the UK was 79.2 years for men and 83.3 years for women by 2012. Life expectancy in 2011 it the UK was lower than many other developed counties at 80.76, France was 81.67, Italy 82.09, Spain was 82.33, Japan was 82.59 years In 2012. Average life expectancy in France was 79.05 years in 2002, 81.09 years in 2010. There has usually been a steady increase in life expectancy over the last 50 year, in most countries, both developed counties and developing counties However interestingly the life expectancy graphs of both Japan and China are leveling off and Russia's is a wobbly line.

Answer 2

The main causes of dramatic population increase in developing nations are high birth rates due to lack of access to family planning, cultural norms that favor large families, high infant mortality rates leading to larger family sizes, and a lack of education and economic opportunities for women which can result in them having more children.