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What are the causes to the effect of 'Growth and expansion of the roman empire'?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Originally, during the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire did not grow out of a grand design of conquest and expansion. It grew out of a chain of separate events and situations, such a wars waged again her, her being drawn into the squabbles of other peoples, and concerns about the instability of areas bordering the empire when Rome was already in control of the Mediterranean, even though she had not conquered the whole of it.
Rome fought three wars against Carthage (264-241 BC, 218-201 BC and 149-146 BC). The first war developed into a fight over the control of Sicily. The second one was an attack on Rome, but its outcome and that of the third one was that Rome gained control of the western basin of the Mediterranean. Three Illyrian Wars 229-28 BC, 220-19 BC and 168-67 BC) were fought on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea (next to Italy) after which Rome established a protectorate in Dalmatia (the coastal part of Croatia). Rome wanted control of the Adriatic Sea to stop piracy from Dalmatia.
The expansion into the eastern Mediterranean started with the annexation of mainland Greece (146 BC) which was due to political instability in Greece. This annexation aimed at ending this instability, which had drawn Rome into wars in the area to defend her Greek allies in wars between Greek states. The expansion into Turkey started with the bequeath to Rome of a kingdom in western Turkey (Pergamon, 133 BC) by its king. Three wars were waged against Rome by Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus in eastern Turkey (88-84 BC, 83-81 BC and 75-63 BC). Rome won. As a result Rome annexed parts of Turkey and set up client states in other parts. Concerns about civil war in Syria and Judea, which had become neighbours of the empire, led to the setting up of client states there as well. The annexation of Egypt was the result of Octavian (later he was celled Augustus) fighting a war (the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic (32-30 BC) against Mark Antony and his ally , Cleopatra VII queen of Egypt, and winning it in 30 BC.
When Octavian became emperor, under the name of Augustus, he annexed the former Yugoslavia area (9 AD) eastern Austria and western Hungary (10 AD), Switzerland (15 AD) and Bavaria and the rest of Austria a (15 AD) because there were rebellions and attacks on the empire from there. Augustus did have expansionist aims. He completed the conquest of Spain to complete Roman control there, expanded Roman territories in northern Africa and annexed client states in Turkey and in Judea. He commissioned an invasion, which went deep into Germany (12-9 BC), for personal glory. However, the Roman army was routed in southern Germany (9 BC) and Augustus decided to end imperial expansion in that area. The conquest of Britannia was gradual and started under emperor Claudius in 43 AD. This was an expansionist action. Apart from re-installing a deposed regional king, we are not told the motivations, but it is thought that the British mines were enticing. Emperor Trajan conquered Dacia (in Romania and Moldova, 102-106 AD) because the Dacians raided the empire from across the river Danube. He annexed Nabataea (in Jordan, 107 AD) to gain control of a trade route from the Red Sea to Syria. The Nabataeans were happy to come under Roman control. He also fought a war against the Persians due to a dispute over Armenia (113-14 AD), a buffer state between the two empires. He also took the present day Iraq area from the Persians in an expansionist drive (116 AD). At this point the empire reached its greatest extent ever (116 AD). Soon afterwards, the Persians retook Iraq.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
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What was a major effect of the growth of the ottoman?
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