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Toyota
centralized
Centralized Organization is a type of organisation where all decision are made by the top manegement to bottom. No autonomy to sub groups
example for line organisation for any company
ERP enables the organization to have a centralized data to which anybody within the organization can have access. Thus a centralized data will help the company to pool out the useful information at any moment of time. Moreover data will be arranged in proper order thus reference becomes easy & fast.
I don't exactly get the aim of the question. If you mean centralized organization forming a 'Geocentric' approach. it is simply visible that you can control the whole organization from a single head office and the branding and adverts might be used to market the products keeping in mind the changes of different cultural aspects. If you mean centralized company operations in a single company operated by some directors or so, it is simply visible they can question any one and every one, together or one by one and get to know the progress of each department individually or by groups.
decentralized
Its production techniques are decentralized in that a lot of outsourcing occurs. However, decision-making I suggest is centralized
It is whatever you make it out to be
Centralized Versus Decentralized: The terms "centralized" and "decentralized" are important management concept. Often, they are used to refer to the distribution of authority and decision making with in an organization. Centralized Organizations: They are firms in which all the major decisions are made at the top of the organization hierarchy. In such organization, people at the top are in control of day-to-day operations. In the year when founder Henry ford was running the Ford Motor Company, the auto manufacturer was a very centralized organization. Every key decision -and many less important ones was made directly by Mr. Ford. For example, he insisted on approving all purchase order within the firm, a task that most CEOs of his stature delegated to subordinates. Today, Ford Motor Company is run quite differently than it was during its early years when Henry Ford was there, but many businesses (especially smaller ones) are still run in highly centralized manners. Decentralized organization: In such organizations responsibility for key decision is distributed as far down in the management hierarchy as is prudently possible. One of the advantages of decentralization is that it gives lower-level managers substantial practice at making decision in preparation is that for moving up the management hierarchy.
Centalized database organizes all of an organization data , it is like a mainframe computer. Like in any company or firm all the data is integrated in to a single system.
Ottoman centralized government with universal access to centralized authority. It was available to each citizen of the Empire.