To scrupulously follow the rules set forth in the Torah for what is and is not acceptable for Jews to eat. Many of the basic rules are in Leviticus 11, but other rules are scattered elsewhere. One commandment, repeated 3 times, forbids "seething a kid in its mother's milk," see Exodus 23:19, Exodus 34:26 and Deuteronomy 14:21. Had it been mentioned just once, it might be taken as a narrow prohibition, but the repetition of this commandment leads the Jewish community to interpret this quite broadly, forbidding any meal from containing any milk or dairy products if it contains any meat or meat products, interpreting meat broadly to include birds as well as mammals.
NO mixing meat with dairy, and NO shellfish and pork.
See the attached link.
Bacalhau can be kosher if it's made following the rules of kashrut. If it's commercially made, it would have to be certified kosher by a recognized kashrut organization.
Kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws, govern the preparation and consumption of food for Jew. There is no conflict between kashrut and preparing food for diabetics.
Mehadrin/mahadrin is a strict certification of kashrut.
Garlic doesn't have anything specific to do with kashrut.
kashrut (כשרות)
Today, a lot of people believe that many aspects of kashrut were based on health, however, Jewish records don't support this claim. The types of food that can and can't be eaten according to kashrut doesn't support this claim either. In truth, the laws of kashrut delineate our relationship with food. Kashrut doesn't only specify what we eat, but also how we eat, and when we eat or don't eat. Please see the related link for a detailed explanation.
Yes. The basic laws of Kashrut (keeping kosher) are in the Torah (see Deuteronomy ch.14), which according to tradition was given in 1312 BCE. Many of the finer details of kashrut are in the Talmud (especially tractate Hullin), which was handed down orally, and finally put in writing 1500 years ago.
They were designed to preserve health standards.
Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashrut
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