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SMTP Server

SMTP stands for 'Simple Mail Transfer Protocol'. A protocol is an algorithm or procedure of communication, for a particular purpose. This server program exclusively handles the sending part of a mail. When you login to your mail account through a mail client like, outlook express or access directly through a site like hotmail, your client computer communicates with the SMTP server of your email site. An email id is by default in the format 'username@mailsite.com'.

The SMTP server receives the sent mail through port 25. Different ports of a server machine are assigned for certain specific tasks. Then the SMTP server separates the user name and the site name. If the site name is the same as the mail site from which it is sent, then it forwads the mail to its POP3 or IMAP server, which handles incoming mail. For example, if I am sending the mail from my gmail account and the recipient's address is also a gmail account then the gmail SMTP server will simply forward the mail to the POP3 or IMAP gmail server.

If on the other hand, the sent email id belongs to a different site like yahoomail then the gmail SMTP server will contact the DNS (Domain name server) and ask for the IP addresses of the yahoomail server and forward the mail to the yahoomail SMTP server. A mail is a text file which is then forwarded by the yahoomail SMTP server to its POP3 or IMAP server. This server stores it into a particular file dedicated to the recipient's mail account.

Many a times it happens that the SMTP server cannot locate the IP address of the mail recipient server. In such cases, the sent mail is queued and periodically sent again. In case its not able to send the mail, the SMTP server generates a 'mailer daemon' message which informs the sender of failure in message delivery and the reasons for the failure.

POP3 and IMAP Server

The POP3 server handles the other end of the emailing job. POP stands for 'Post Office protocol'. Through the server port 110, the POP3 server receives your request for reading mail after you log in.Gmail's POP3 server, maintains a detailed text file for every account that is registered on it. All the mail messages delivered through the SMTP server communication are pasted in that text file, one after the other along with all the required delivery timing and other details. When you want to read the mail, it analyzes the text file and separates each mail by header, subject and sender's name and serves it on your machine. The only disadvantage of a POP3 server is that once you download all your incoming messages through a mail client, they do not remain on the server machine. That is, they are erased from there.

The IMAP (internet Message Access Protocol) server is an improvement of POP3 server and takes care of the only disadvantage it has. What it does is, it maintains the original copy of your incoming mail text file on the server, even after you download it. So with an IMAP server, you can access your mail from any machine and download the mails on the machine or read them live on the site itself, without downloading.

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12y ago
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Smtp and Smtp AUTH

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Q: What are the two protocols that an email recipient's email server uses to deliver a message?
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