Those are thermoswitches. They open and close vacuum supply to the egr valve and the distributor advance.
If the inlet and outlet exhaust streams are monitored, the catalyst efficiency can be measured.
There are two oxygen sensors. One at the inlet and one at the outlet of the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter is behind the engine.
One is the temperature sending unit for the gauge and the other is the sending unit for the computer. The housing is called the water outlet. There is a plastic bypass valve that melts when the car overheats. It is inside the water outlet. If you changed your thermostat and still get no heat you need to replace this water outlet housing. There is no way to fix the plastic bypass. You have to replace the water outlet housing.
Probably knock sensors.
follow the top radiator hose to the engine, it should be attached to an outlet held on to the engine with two bolts, if you remove the two bolts and pull the outlet up you will find the thermostat
Specifically pertaining to the aftertreatment system, you have two NoX sensors.. one after the turbo, and one after the SCR outlet. Those will measure SCR catalyst conversion efficiency. There'll be three temperature sensors in the DPF itself, and there'll be the aftertreatment differential pressure sensor above the DPF, with two tubes going into the DPF. The system PACCAR uses is licensed from Cummins.
There are numerous sensors (two water temp fan switches, temp sender, oil pressure, etc). What sensor are you asking about?
usually, fan sensor is on block water outlet. that's where the hose leaves the block and goes back into the raidiator. you 'll find two sensors at that point. more than likely tho, if your fans not owrking its the fan relay that's bad, I'll bet on it.
No this is not necessary. Install the pipes as per usual. You can insulate the hot water pipes up to two meters or up to two yards from the hot water outlet from the hot water tank to prevent this. No this is not necessary. Install the pipes as per usual. You can insulate the hot water pipes up to two meters or up to two yards from the hot water outlet from the hot water tank to prevent this.
it has 4 sensors two before cat and two after
Assuming you have the V-6 engine, it has two downstream (after the cats) O2 sensors and two upstream (before the cats) Air/Fuel Ratio Sensors. So the answer to your question is two O2 sensors.
yes it is fine to insulate the whole water heater from top to bottom and the first two meters of hot water outlet piping.