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Define tropism and give two examples?
Tropism is the directional growth response of a plant in response to a stimulus. Two examples of tropism are phototropism, where plants grow towards light, and gravitropism, where plants grow in response to gravity.
What are the elements of classical conditioning of psychology?
1. Neutral Stimulus(NS)-A stimulus that does not evoke a response 2.Unconditioned Stimulus(US)-A stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response 3.Conditioned Stimulus(CS)-A stimulus that evokes a response b/c it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus 4.Unconditioned Response(UR)-An innate reflex response elicited by a US 5.Conditioned Response(CR)-A learned response elicited by a CS
What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?
For classical conditioning to occur a neutral stimulus must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The neutral stimulus is initially meaningless to the organism but becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus after the two are repeatedly paired together. This process of association is known as classical conditioning. The following are the components needed for classical conditioning to occur: A neutral stimulus An unconditioned stimulus A response ReinforcementThe neutral stimulus is something that does not initially produce a response. It is usually a sound taste or smell. The unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally produces a response. It is usually a food or something that causes pain or discomfort. The response is the reaction to the unconditioned stimulus such as salivating or flinching. Reinforcement is the use of rewards or punishments to strengthen the association between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
What is stimulus response bond theory?
Stimulus-response bond theory proposes that learning occurs through the formation of associations between a stimulus and a response. This theory suggests that repeated pairings of a stimulus with a specific response result in the formation of a strong bond between the two, leading to the learned behavior. It is based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning.
Essentially classical conditioning is a process of learning an between two stimuli?
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism associates two stimuli, leading to a learned response. This process involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can evoke the same response as the unconditioned stimulus.
What is principle conditioning?
Pavlovian or classical conditioning is a type of learning where an individual comes to associate two different stimuli. This process involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. The neutral stimulus eventually becomes a conditioned stimulus that triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus.
What can happen if a conditioned stimulus is repeated over and over without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
If a conditioned stimulus is repeated without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the association between the two stimuli can weaken or disappear, a process called extinction. This can lead to the conditioned response fading away, as the conditioned stimulus is no longer seen as predictive of the unconditioned stimulus.
To promote classical conditioning what is the order in which a neutral stimulus should be linked to an unconditional stimulus?
the neutral stimulus should precede the unconditioned stimulus by a fraction of a secong
What is an example of an external stimulation?
An example of an external stimulus and response is:For example:Stimulus- fall and hit your kneeResponse- You either bleed or get a bruiseorStimulus- they hit your arm with a baseballResponse- you get a bruiseso those are my examples of an external stimulus and response :)
What occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented with the unconditioned stimulus?
Through repeated pairing, the conditioned stimulus becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the conditioned stimulus elicing the conditioned response on its own. This process is known as classical conditioning and involves the formation of a learned association between the two stimuli.
How is habituation related to classical conditioning?
Habituation is defined as becoming or making someone become accustomed to something. Classical conditioning is using habituation to pair two stimuli, such as in the famous case of Pavlov's dog, wherein the sound of a bell and meal time were associated.
What are the similarities between classical conditioning and one trial learning?
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ONE TRIAL LEARNING Requires a number of associations between the UCS and NS Quickly acquired Can extinguish relatively quickly Resistant to extinction The UCS is presented immediately after the CS The CR (feeling sick) can occur hours or days after the CS (food) but an association between the two is still made Stimulus generalization may occur Stimulus generalization rarely occurs you can use almost any stimulus in c.c in o.t.l food is nearly the only effective stimulus.
