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Phytate:
Phytate is the salt form of phytic acid. It is also known as inositol hexakisphosphate or IP6. This acid is responsible for the storage of phosphorus in plant tissues. The most common sources of phytate are bran, seeds, and nuts. Wheat bran, for example, contains 3% phytic acid.
The phosphorus bound to phytate is not typically bio-available to any animal that is non-ruminant. Ruminant animals, such as cows and sheep, chew, swallow, and then regurgitate their food. This regurgitated food is known as cud and is chewed a second time. Due to an enzyme located in their first stomach chamber, the rumen, these animals are able to separate and process the phosphorus in phytates. Humans and other non-ruminant animals are unable to do so.
Humans should limit their intake of phytate as it has several properties which can be harmful to the body. First, phytic acid chelates strongly with minerals needed by the body, such ascalcium, iron, and zinc. The process of chelation creates a bond between the acid and the mineral, rendering it insoluble and therefore useless. Second, phytic acid bonds with the basic vitamin niacin, causing a condition known as pellagra. This has earned it status as an anti-nutrient, since it interferes with the absorption and uptake of nutrients required by the body.
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