c
above equilibrium
The natural rate of unemployment is the rate that holds over the long-run in equilibrium. In Classical economics, this rate is 0%. With other assumptions, such as frictional and structural unemployment, you will get a natural unemployment rate above 0%. Source: http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/macro-economics/unemployment/full-employment/
Unions may affect the natural rate of unemployment via the effect on insiders and outsiders. Because unions raise the wage above the equilibrium level, the quantity of labor demanded declines while the quantity supplied of labor rises, so there is unemployment.
Equilibrium is when supply and demand is balanced or equivalent, whereas disequilibrium doesn't attain equilibrium which is either above or below equilibrium.
A price ceiling is binding when it is below the equilibrium price. It is the legal maximum price, so the market wants to reach equilibrium (which is above that) but can't legally. If it were above the equilibrium price it would not be binding because the market would reach equilibrium and the ceiling would have no effect. A price floor is binding when it is above the equilibrium price. You can use similar reasoning to that above. It is the legal minimum price. the market wants to reach equilibrium below that but can't legally.
When the price is above equilibrium, there is a surplus because supply is greater than demand. The price of the good will naturally decrease back to its equilibrium price where demand and suppy interesect, thus eliminating the surplus.
crest
Firms employ fewer workers than they would at the equilibrium wage.
Vapor pressure
When supply and demand are balanced
No
Price floor- Minimum wage, if above the market equilibrium then unemployment Price ceiling- rent control, so more people are able to live comfortably. but this can be negative when the too high of price is confused with the too low of supply.