Use brown rice. It is also a whole grain. It will cook faster than barley so add
it a bit later than the recipe indicates for barley.
Yes, we can substitute buttermilk for milk in recipe.
If you're talking about nutritionally, yes, that would be a good substitute. In a particular recipe or a particular meal, I would be more likely to substitute white rice or another cooked grain (bulgur, barley, quinoa, etc.) than bread.
bulghur, barley or orzo
You can if the recipe of the soup is calledBeef, Leek &Barley Soup.
Yes, apple barley pudding is a traditional Irish recipe.
margarine
vinegar
cream cheese
If you want, you can substitute chicken thighs for turkey thighs in a recipe. It will give your recipe a different taste.
It is a very cheap, plentiful substitute. It is available year round from many sources. Its raw sugar content can be manipulated like barley's as well.
Recipes calling for rice, you may substitute with ouzo with you have no rice.
You can, but it would no longer be a vegan recipe.