There was no case that established court-packing as illegal. The Senate resolved the controversy itself by referring Roosevelt's court-packing plan to the Senate Judiciary Committee, where it died.
The Supreme Court's only involvement was a well-crafted letter written by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, and signed by two other members of the Court (Louis Brandeis and Willis Van Devanter), asserting Roosevelt's stated reason for adding justices to the Court was not supported by the evidence. Hughes stated that the court was not behind in its work, and that the justices had not become less productive with age. This served as a powerful weapon against Roosevelt's scheme.
Shelley v. Kraemer
Mapp vs. Ohio
By statute.
Marbury v. Madison is the Supreme Court case that established the precedent of judicial review. John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the court.
Supreme
Precedent
If you are under the court's order not to do so, yes. If not, no.
McColloch vs. Maryland
Gregory vs. Chicago
exclusionary rule
Marbury vs. MadisonJohn Marshall
In Re Gault