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Mutation. . Either exchanging a Purine with another Purine, Pyrimidin with another Pyrimidin, or completely exchanging a Purine with a Pyrimidin or vice versa. Point- or Frameshift-Mutat
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Why is it so important that the order of base pairs stays the same?
The sequence of the nitrogen bases determines the sequence of the amino acids in a protein. The sequence of the amino acids in a protein determines the structure and function of the protein. If there is a change in the order of nitrogen bases, the sequence of amino acids may be altered, and the protein may not be functional, causing a genetic disorder.
Does gene therapy use biological and chemical methods to change the DNA sequence of genes?
Genetic Engineering.
What are segments of DNA that control specific traits?
The sections of DNA that code for proteins that determine traits are called genes.
What is the relationship between an amino acid and a codon?
The relationship between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is called the genetic code.- - -In those segments of DNA that carry information about proteins, the sequence of the nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain (one chain of a protein).A group of three consecutive nucleotides codes for (represents) one amino acid. This group is called a codon.The different amino acids are coded for by different codons. What each of the 64 codons stands for is the genetic code.Three of the codons mean STOP; each of the 61 others stands for one of the 20 amino acids. In addition, one of the codons does double duty: it means START when it appears in a particular position.The coding sections of DNA are called genes. Some genes code for RNA (such as transfer and ribosomal RNA); polypeptide chains are coded for by other genes, or, more specifically, exons of those genes. The exons are often separated by introns, which, although consisting of a sequence of nucleotides, do not code for amino acids.The idea that nucleotide sequence (often referred to as base sequence) might code for amino acid sequence followed the proposal of the double-helix structure for DNA in 1953.In 1958 Francis Crick gave the name sequence hypothesisto the idea that the nucleotide sequence corresponded to the sequence of amino acids in the chain to be synthesized. (For some reason this name is not well known now, and is often confused with Crick's term "central dogma", which, as Crick used it, denotes a different concept.)In 1961 there were two important breakthroughs. Crick and Sydney Brenner showed that the code consisted of "triplets" (Brenner coined the word codon the following year), and Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei developed a technique for working out the code (in its messenger RNA version).By 1966 all the 64 possible codons had been worked out.
What is the real scientific name for nitrogen?
The English word nitrogen (1794) entered the language from the French nitrogène, coined in 1790 by French chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756–1832), from the French nitre (potassium nitrate, also called saltpeter) and the French suffix -gène, "producing", from the Greek -γενής (-genes, "begotten"). Chaptal's meaning was that nitrogen is the essential part of nitric acid, which in turn was produced from nitre. In earlier times, niter had been confused with Egyptian "natron" (sodium carbonate) – called νίτρον (nitron) in Greek – which, despite the name, contained no nitrate.
DNA carries genetic information in its?
the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
What is the nitrogen base sequence for the start codon?
The sequences for nitrogen bases for all living organisms is what makes up DNA and therefore their genes.
Why is it so important that the order of base pairs stays the same?
The sequence of the nitrogen bases determines the sequence of the amino acids in a protein. The sequence of the amino acids in a protein determines the structure and function of the protein. If there is a change in the order of nitrogen bases, the sequence of amino acids may be altered, and the protein may not be functional, causing a genetic disorder.
Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of?
bases
What is uses of biological chemical methods to change the DNA sequence of genes?
Rma
The kind of genes an organism possesses is dependent on what?
what kind of genes does an organism has depend on.
What are genes that are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes?
Genes are what define every living organism. All life has some sort of RNA sequence or DNA sequence that expresses genes. A gene is a sequence within a DNA strand that after transcription and translation make a protein. In DNA are four nitrogeenous bases ( A, T, C and G) and in RNA are four (A, U, C and G). A sequence of hundreds or even thousands bases can equate to a gene.
Why are genes distinguished by bases but not by the sugar-phosphate backbone?
The base sequence is what makes one gene different from another. There are four bases which can be arranged in many different sequences. The sugar phosphate backbone is the same in all the genes. It is impossible to identify a gene by this.
Does gene therapy use biological and chemical methods to change the DNA sequence of genes?
Genetic Engineering.
What do proteins have to do with genes?
Genes are sections of DNA which contain the code to make different proteins. DNA is made of long chains of 4 different chemical bases, A,C,G and T. The combination of these bases provides the information on the sequence of amino acids that make a particular protein.
What order is the information in DNA coded in?
No one really knows the exact order of information in DNA but DNA is coded with genes and nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine). Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine. Alternating sugar and phosphate parts are along the sides of DNA and genes, nitrogen bases and nucleotides is basically the "code" of DNA.
What is genetic stability?
Genetic stability is defined as "a measure of the resistance to change of the sequence of genes within a DNA molecule." It also refers to this resistance of the nucleotide sequence within a gene.
