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The relationship between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is called the genetic code.
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In those segments of DNA that carry information about proteins, the sequence of the nucleotides determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain (one chain of a protein).
A group of three consecutive nucleotides codes for (represents) one amino acid. This group is called a codon.
The different amino acids are coded for by different codons. What each of the 64 codons stands for is the genetic code.
Three of the codons mean STOP; each of the 61 others stands for one of the 20 amino acids. In addition, one of the codons does double duty: it means START when it appears in a particular position.
The coding sections of DNA are called genes. Some genes code for RNA (such as transfer and ribosomal RNA); polypeptide chains are coded for by other genes, or, more specifically, exons of those genes. The exons are often separated by introns, which, although consisting of a sequence of nucleotides, do not code for amino acids.
The idea that nucleotide sequence (often referred to as base sequence) might code for amino acid sequence followed the proposal of the double-helix structure for DNA in 1953.
In 1958 Francis Crick gave the name sequence hypothesisto the idea that the nucleotide sequence corresponded to the sequence of amino acids in the chain to be synthesized. (For some reason this name is not well known now, and is often confused with Crick's term "central dogma", which, as Crick used it, denotes a different concept.)
In 1961 there were two important breakthroughs. Crick and Sydney Brenner showed that the code consisted of "triplets" (Brenner coined the word codon the following year), and Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei developed a technique for working out the code (in its messenger RNA version).
By 1966 all the 64 possible codons had been worked out.
What else can I help you with?
What amino acid is AUG or GUG?
The codon AUG represents the amino acid methionine, which serves as the start codon for protein synthesis. The codon GUG typically codes for the amino acid valine.
Each codon calls for a specific?
amino acid
What term describes the base sequence that corresponds to a single amino acid?
Codon
What does the amino acid ucg stand for?
The codon UGC refers to Cysteine, which consists of Uracil, Glycine and Cytosine in sequence
What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG. The amino acid methionine. Bases read; adenine-uracil-guanine
Is tryptophan the starting codon for mRNA?
No, tryptophan is an amino acid, not a codon. The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.
Which amino acid is coded by the DNA codon TAC?
It is a triplet of bases (codon) coding for the amino acid tyrosine
How many amino acids does a codon contain?
A codon contains three amino acids. Each codon in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid in a protein sequence.
What amino acid is AUG or GUG?
The codon AUG represents the amino acid methionine, which serves as the start codon for protein synthesis. The codon GUG typically codes for the amino acid valine.
What amino acid is coded for by the codon AUC?
The anticodon would be UAG, and the amino acid coded for is isoleucine.
For which specific amino acid does each codon code in the genetic code?
Each codon in the genetic code codes for a specific amino acid. For example, the codon "AUG" codes for the amino acid methionine.
Which codon is the code for the amino acid histidine?
It is CAC and CAU.
How many amino acids make a codon?
One codon specifies a specific amino acid. However, more than one codon can code for the same amino acid. For example, the codon GUU codes for the specific amino acid valine; and the codons GUC, GUA, and GUG also code for valine.
How does a mutation change a codon for one amino acid into a different codon for the same amino acid?
A mutation can change a codon for one amino acid into a different codon for the same amino acid through a process called silent mutation. This type of mutation occurs when a change in the DNA sequence does not alter the amino acid that is coded for, resulting in the same protein being produced.
How does a mutation that alters a codon for a specific amino acid to a different codon for the same amino acid affect protein synthesis?
When a mutation changes a codon for a specific amino acid to a different codon for the same amino acid, it usually does not affect protein synthesis. This is because multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, so the change may not alter the final protein product.
What codon is the code for the amino acid histidine His?
The mRNA codons for histidine are CAU and CAC.
What is the difference between a coden and an anti coden?
a codon is the sequence of three nucleotides of mRNA, the anti codon is the amino acid of tRNA that is matched to the codon.
