A short in the car's electrical system, a bad alternator OR a bad battery.
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No, a starter cannot cause a battery to fail to charge. It could cause the battery to discharge quickly.
An auto battery could be leaking for a couple of reasons. The alternator could be overcharging the battery causing the leakage. Or the battery itself could have a short or other internal problem causing it to leak when charging.
If your cell phone will not charge it could be the battery or the battery charger. You best way to find out is to try the battery charger on a similar phone and see if it charges the other one.
the battery could have a dead cell, this could cause it to not charge. Have the battery tested to be sure.
If the battery is worn out it may not hold a charge for 8 hours. There could also be a short somewhere causing the battery to drain down.
Loose or worn fan belt would cause alternator not to spin fast enough to charge battery. Worn bearing in alternator could be causing it to seize and causing belt to slip
Do you mean that you can not charge it with a battery charger or the mower will not charge it while it is running? If you can not charge it with a battery charger and you are sure that the charger works then the battery is bad. These type batteries are only good for a couple years. If the mower is not charging the battery it could be a number of things.
You can start a car without a battery if you hook up a jump pack or use jumper camples but it could fry your alternator. It is pointless to charge a car without a battery. When you charge the car you are charging the battery.
The battery could have been damaged, wet, or short-circuted.
There is no safe way to charge ANY battery without a charger rated for that particular battery. You could easily destroy the battery if you try.
Could be an older battery that can't hold a charge any longer Could be loose or corroded battery cables not supplying a sufficient charge from alternator Could be a weak alternator not charging battery Could be excessive parasytic load drain to battery ( a fully charged battery should be able to hold a charge for 21 days of inactivity) Could be a hidden accessory left on draining battery (i.e. trunk light, glove box light, etc.) Could be a defective voltage regulator not opening on engine shut down draining battery.