Additional: I believe that all US Sheriff's are elected and in many (all?) states the office is provided for under the Constitution of the State. The office of Sheriff is distinctly different from that of a Chief of Police, which is strictly an appointive position.
The counties, not the towns, elect sheriffs in New York State
The answer would be Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs. (in the US) Some counties do not vest overall law enforcment power in a Sheriff's office and they have, instetad, County Police Departments.
In most states, a sheriff is the senior law enforcement official for a county, not a township. Some states, such as Virginia, have city sheriffs (because cities in Virginia, by definition, do not lie within counties), and Louisiana has parish sheriffs, a parish in Louisiana being the equivalent of a county elsewhere. Alaska has no sheriffs because Alaska has no counties.
In most states, a sheriff is the senior law enforcement official for a county, not a township. Some states, such as Virginia, have city sheriffs (because cities in Virginia, by definition, do not lie within counties), and Louisiana has parish sheriffs, a parish in Louisiana being the equivalent of a county elsewhere. Alaska has no sheriffs because Alaska has no counties.
There is no "Sheriff of Alabama" because Alabama is a state; states do not have Sheriffs -- counties within stated do.
It is difficult to determine the specific sheriffs who held office in England in 1066 without more specific information. However, during that time period, sheriffs were appointed by the king to administer counties and enforce royal authority. It is likely that there were various sheriffs serving in different regions of England in 1066, but their names and identities are not widely recorded.
There are 3,143 counties and county-equivalents in the US.
Texas
The President-elect is Barack H. Obama.
Georgia, it has 159 counties
private, licensed service firms or sheriffs