Libya-Egypt, through the Middle East, to Central Asia and today's Pakistan.
Egypt-Libya, the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia and today's Pakistan.
A couple of hundred Greek city-states in the eastern Mediterranean, and the Persian empire's western province of Asia Minor.
Attempting to organise security and prosperity within the empire.
The Persian empire was gone before the Roman empire became powerful.
The Empire was formed by Cyrus the Great in around 550 BCE.
The language spoken in the Persian empires was Old Persian. It was the administrative language of the Achaemenid Empire and the Persian language used in official inscriptions and documents. Later, under the Sassanian Empire, Middle Persian became the dominant language.
Numerous historic states and many modern countries became part of the Persian Empire, including: Iran, western Afghanistan, western Pakistan, Kuwait, Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel/Palestine, eastern Egypt, Syria, Turkey, and northern Greece.Persia was incredibly religiously diverse with innumerable pagan cults (such as those of Egypt, Lydia, Mesopotamia, and Phoenicia), an official religion of Zoroastrianism, and Judaism.
He didn't defend them, he defeated them, and after he became assumed the throne of the Persian Empire he incorporated them into his own army.
Libya-Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria-Palestine, Mesopotamia, Thrace-Macedonia, Media-Persia, Central Asia, Western India.
Alexander the Great.
It essentially became a standoff - after the Greeks repelled the Persian attempt to incorporate them into the Persian empire, a peace was arranged and the Greeks went back to fighting each other. The Persian empire continued on until over-run by Macedonia.
He became king in 336 BCE and over the next ten years conquered the Persian Empire, turning it into an empire of his own.