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Yes there are Catholic monasteries but there are also monasteries that belong to other denominations as well.
In the Catholic religion they are called Monasteries.
There are Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant and Ecumenical (e.g., Taize) monasteries. There are far more Catholic monasteries than Orthodox monasteries, largely because there are more Catholics that Orthodox. There are a few Protestant monasteries, but these are comparatively recent. Much of the Protestant Reformation was directed at abolishing monasteries, and it's only recently that some Protestants have decided that maybe monasteries are not such a bad idea, after all. The number of Ecumenical (Usually combined Catholic + Protestant) monasteries is very small, but many of the few that exist have been enormously influential, again citing the example of Taize.
The Protestants where very unhappy with the monasteries, they stayed protestants through out the fight of the monasteries even when the new Catholic queen came!
The monks who lived there and the Catholic Church which received some of the revenues from the monasteries and churches.
The Roman Catholic Church probably caused it through its opposition to Henry's wishes, and the monasteries suffered from it.
The dissolution of the monasteries was nothing to do with supressing Protestants (Monasteries were Catholic) and it was Henry VIII not Henry VII.
It Depends if they were protestent or catholic.
You can purchase them from convents, monasteries, some churches, shrines, and Catholic book stores.
There are many monasteries other than Catholic ones. In the Christian religion, the Anglicans have monasteries, I know that there are Lutheran sisters, but I'm not sure about monasteries. Also, there is the ecumenical Taize community. In non-Christian religions, I know that the Buddhists have monasteries, the most famous are in Tibet, and the Hindu religion also has monasteries.
They saved ancient Greek and Roman writings.
Some of the earliest European school systems were Catholic. This was even at the time when tutoring for rich children only was the norm. The first universities were Catholic and the first education institutions were Catholic. St. Benedict's monks started the first Catholic schools in their monasteries in the first millennium.