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President Woodrow Wilson studied international relations, previous treaties, and the wishes and desires of the nations of Europe and the world, and drew up a list of 14 things he thought should be included in the final treaty, which would be known as the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson personally went to Versailles to persuade other nations. He was greeted as a hero in Europe, but he was thought to be naive by other negotiators.
The two most crucial things he asked in the 14 Points were, first, that Germany not be required to pay reparations, but instead be allowed to rebuild into a commercial, trading and industrial power (without arms). Unfortunately, this was not in the treaty -- it was the massive reparations that Germany could not pay which led to hyperinflation in the German and Austrian economies, and collapse of the economies. That collapse led to the rise of radical parties, including the National Socialists, and the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1932 and 1933.
The second was the creation of an international body to work to keep peace, a league of nations. The League of Nations was created by the treaty.
Unfortunately, Wilson did not have the support of conservatives in the U.S. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty, and the U.S. was never a member of the League of Nations -- a point which helped make the League unable to stop the rush to World War II two decades later.
Wilson undertook a national speaking tour to rally the U.S. people to his side, but he suffered a stroke during the tour, and he was never healthy again.
Here is a list of the 14 Points in detail, from the text of a speech President Wilson gave to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918:
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
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What did the winners get in the Treaty of Versailles?
wood-raw Wilson gained more from the treaty of Versailles because he didn't want to Germany destroyed
Who did Woodrow Wilson support in World War 1?
Woodrow Wilson provided many of the key ideas and personally negotiated many details in the peace treaty that ended World War I. He created the slogan "Peace without Victory" to persuade America to not go to war.Though when Germany stopped sea traffic, sunk U.S. ships, and killed innocent Americans, Woodrow Wilson declared war. Nine months later, he introduced the Fourteen Points plan for peace, which included freedom of navigation of the seas, the return of land, and and independent Polish state. A year later, he went to Versailles to negotiate a treaty with the other of the big four (Italy, France, and England). The Allies disliked Wilson's emphasis on freedom for ethnic groups. At first, Germany refused to sign the peace treaty because officials did not want to have part of their army taken away, return the land they had taken, and pay for the damages, but then they did after pressure from France. Wilson did not want to force Germany to give up everything, but eventually he lost that argument with France. So finally. after battling for and losing some of what he wanted Wilson signed the the Treaty of Versailles, and peace, though a flawed peace, was restored to the world.
Why did some us senators know as the irreconcilables refuse to approve the Versailles peace treaty?
They were mostly isolationists and didn't want to be tied to European affairs, or have American affairs put in the hands of European countries. Many were also opposed to Wilson himself. The reservationists were another group opposed to the Treaty.
Why did the US rejected the Treaty of Versailles?
The Senate rejected the Treaty in March 19, 1920 President Wilson did sign the Treaty of Versailles, but he had foolishly refused to bring Representatives and Senators, particularly Henry Cabot Lodge, the majority leader in the house. This may have biased the legislature against the treaty, but the main reason the U.S. did not agree to the Treaty of Versaille was not that they thought it was too harsh, it was that the League of Nations had become part of the treaty. The U.S. did not want its foreign policy decided by another body, so they rejected the treaty. There is a certain irony that the League of Nations was the addition that the legislatures disliked, as it was the only part of Wilson's 14 points to make it onto the Treaty.
When did the us senate reject the treaty of Versailles?
The Senate rejected the Treaty in March 19, 1920 President Wilson did sign the Treaty of Versailles, but he had foolishly refused to bring Representatives and Senators, particularly Henry Cabot Lodge, the majority leader in the house. This may have biased the legislature against the treaty, but the main reason the U.S. did not agree to the Treaty of Versaille was not that they thought it was too harsh, it was that the League of Nations had become part of the treaty. The U.S. did not want its foreign policy decided by another body, so they rejected the treaty. There is a certain irony that the League of Nations was the addition that the legislatures disliked, as it was the only part of Wilson's 14 points to make it onto the Treaty.
When Iraq signed the Peace Treaty what did they want to destroy?
If you are asking about the Iraq war there has been no peace treaty.
What did the winners get in the Treaty of Versailles?
wood-raw Wilson gained more from the treaty of Versailles because he didn't want to Germany destroyed
Did Adolf Hitler want peace with treaty?
Hitler cried each night and f*cked himself to.He wanted a Peace treaty so he could have it with the other leaders
Who did Woodrow Wilson support in World War 1?
Woodrow Wilson provided many of the key ideas and personally negotiated many details in the peace treaty that ended World War I. He created the slogan "Peace without Victory" to persuade America to not go to war.Though when Germany stopped sea traffic, sunk U.S. ships, and killed innocent Americans, Woodrow Wilson declared war. Nine months later, he introduced the Fourteen Points plan for peace, which included freedom of navigation of the seas, the return of land, and and independent Polish state. A year later, he went to Versailles to negotiate a treaty with the other of the big four (Italy, France, and England). The Allies disliked Wilson's emphasis on freedom for ethnic groups. At first, Germany refused to sign the peace treaty because officials did not want to have part of their army taken away, return the land they had taken, and pay for the damages, but then they did after pressure from France. Wilson did not want to force Germany to give up everything, but eventually he lost that argument with France. So finally. after battling for and losing some of what he wanted Wilson signed the the Treaty of Versailles, and peace, though a flawed peace, was restored to the world.
What are the non-treaty results of the french and Indian war?
the indians didnot want peace
Why did some us senators know as the irreconcilables refuse to approve the Versailles peace treaty?
They were mostly isolationists and didn't want to be tied to European affairs, or have American affairs put in the hands of European countries. Many were also opposed to Wilson himself. The reservationists were another group opposed to the Treaty.
What did georges clemenceau want to achieve at the Paris peace conference?
He wanted to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
Why did Wilson so strongly believe in the league of nations?
he became sick and said he did not want anyone to vote for the treaty if changes were to be made...
Why couldn't Congress enforce to a peace treaty?
Congress has the power to enforce peace treaties. The only one Congress did not enforce was the "Treaty of Versailles" that ended World War I (1919). The Senate did not want to ratify this treaty because they wanted the United States to continue down the path of isolation (not getting involved in foreign disputes) and did not want to participate in the newly formed "League of Nations."
Why did the US rejected the Treaty of Versailles?
The Senate rejected the Treaty in March 19, 1920 President Wilson did sign the Treaty of Versailles, but he had foolishly refused to bring Representatives and Senators, particularly Henry Cabot Lodge, the majority leader in the house. This may have biased the legislature against the treaty, but the main reason the U.S. did not agree to the Treaty of Versaille was not that they thought it was too harsh, it was that the League of Nations had become part of the treaty. The U.S. did not want its foreign policy decided by another body, so they rejected the treaty. There is a certain irony that the League of Nations was the addition that the legislatures disliked, as it was the only part of Wilson's 14 points to make it onto the Treaty.
Why did the US reject the treaty of the Versailles?
The Senate rejected the Treaty in March 19, 1920 President Wilson did sign the Treaty of Versailles, but he had foolishly refused to bring Representatives and Senators, particularly Henry Cabot Lodge, the majority leader in the house. This may have biased the legislature against the treaty, but the main reason the U.S. did not agree to the Treaty of Versaille was not that they thought it was too harsh, it was that the League of Nations had become part of the treaty. The U.S. did not want its foreign policy decided by another body, so they rejected the treaty. There is a certain irony that the League of Nations was the addition that the legislatures disliked, as it was the only part of Wilson's 14 points to make it onto the Treaty.
Which treaty did Hitler want to ignore?
the treaty of Versailles
