The USSR trained North Vietnamese MIG17 & MIG21 pilots in the Soviet Union, about two years per man. The USSR also gave MIG17 & MIG21 jets to the North Vietnamese Air Force. USSR supplied SAMs (Surface to Air Missiles) and AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery) to North Vietnam. USSR supplied PT76 Amphibious Light Tanks, and T54/T55 Medium tanks to the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). Communist China Trained North Vietnamese MIG19 pilots in Red China, and also supplied the North Vietnamese Air Force with MIG19 (J6 versions) jet fighters.
Cambodia had more bombs dropped on them than Laos during the Vietnam war. North Vietnamese solders would retreat into Cambodia and attack from there. Finally the US bombed North Vietnamese bases in Cambodia. They also established supply bases in Cambodia. Finally the US bombed the supply bases and supply lines into Cambodia.
The North Vietnamese transported troops and supplies through Cambodia and Laos in order to supply their army in South Vietnam. Their primary transportation route was known as the Ho Chi Mien Trail.
The North Vietnamese transported troops and supplies through Cambodia and Laos in order to supply their army in South Vietnam. Their primary transportation route was known as the Ho Chi Mien Trail.
Both the Soviet Union and China supplied armaments to North Vietnam.
Not much of one: curtail incursion, support the South Vietnamese, bomb the supply routes and continue fighting until the North abandoned the battlefield.
The North Vietnamese Army used Cambodia as a refuge from Vietnam, as a supply route into South Vietnam, and forced Cambodian peasants to do the Army's bidding along the Cambodian/South Vietnam border. Money and favors to Pol Pot, the Cambodian head of state, encouraged and enabled him to extreme dictatorial powers, eventually killing millions of people opposed to his rule.
U.S Forces would withdraw and ARVN troops would try to reunite Vietnam under a single flag.
The tunnels were first used as a military command center during the Vietnam War in the 1960s. They were constructed by the Viet Cong to serve as a hiding place, living quarters, supply routes, and communication networks for the resistance army against the American and South Vietnamese forces.
There were TWO Chinas during the war; Red China and Taiwan (Nationalist China). The VC lived in Southern Vietnam. Red China supplied war equipment to North Vietnam, the small arms portions were filtered down the Ho Chi Minh trail into South Vietnam to supply the VC. Weapons/equipment supplied by Red China were called CHICOM equipment (Chinese Commuist). The local VC received primarily AKs or SKS's. North Vietnam received MiG19 jet fighters (J6 versions) from Communist China. North Vietnamese jet fighter pilots were trained in the Soviet Union (MIG17/MIG21 jets) and North Vietnamese jet fighter pilots were trained in Red China for the MIG19.
The Red Chinese nor the Nationalist Chinese were involved during the Vietnam War, other than supplying technicians/advisers and military equipment (Tanks & MIG-19 (J-6) Jet fighters). North Vietnam's President Ho Chi Minh had spent nearly fifteen years expelling foreign powers (the Japanese, then the French) from Vietnamese soil. He was loath to allow any other foreign power to ever again gain a "foot-hold" in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh's government would fight it's own war against the United States (and it's allies), and if the communist superpowers (Soviets/Red Chinese) wanted him to become one of their allies, the communist superpowers would supply him (with tanks/jets/and guns) with the means of carrying it out!
If the Soviet Union had collapsed in 1960 instead of 1990, then North Vietnam would NOT have received any SAM missiles (Surface to Air Missiles), MiG17 or MiG21 jet fighters, nor any trained North Vietnamese jet pilots (as it stood North Vietnamese pilots spent about 2 years in the USSR and Red China under going jet fighter pilot training). North Vietnam also would have had to do without T54 & T55 medium tanks as well as PT76 amphibious light tanks. Communist China did supply North Vietnam with pilot training and MiG-19 jet fighters (J6 versions), and could have supplied North Vietnam with tanks, etc. But CHICOM (Chinese Communist) SAMs with their accompanying radar systems may not have been as good as the Soviet ones. To make a very long story a little shorter, if the Soviets collapsed in 1960, the cold war probably would've ended then and there and the US might not have gotten involved in Vietnam. On second thought...with all those new tanks, jets, warships, and artillery accumulated from the cold war, and with no enemy to fight (the Soviets) maybe...
North Vietnam was like a sibling to "Mother Russia" (USSR) in the late 1950s. Ho Chi Minh sent his first batch of trainee MiG pilots to the Soviet Union in about 1959 (North Viet pilot trainees normally stayed in Russia about 2 years...and were bi-lingual). Both the USSR and the US vied for followers. The Soviets equipped the Arabs and the US equipped the Israelis in the 1950s/1960s too. Same with Iran & Iraq the US supplied Iraq and the Soviets supplied Iran...all trying to obtain followers. Its just that the North Vietnamese were playing a far more serious game...they were fighting the most powerful nation on earth....America. So while the middle eastern nations, etc. (mentioned above) fought quickie wars...the US & North Vietnam locked horns (nearly) to the death. In the meantime the Russians (Soviets) were going to keep supplying their new "sibling." Note: Communist Chinese (Chicom) weapons (AKs, SKS, RPDs, etc.) far outnumbered Soviet equipment in Vietnam. Chicom J5 & J6s (MiG17s & MiG19s) outstripped Soviet supplied jets of the same model. In fact the Soviets didn't supply North Vietnam at all with MiG19s, all of the North Viet AF MiG19s (J6 versions) were Chicoms.