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Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?
Basolateral
What is the function of epitheliam tissue?
Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation. As a result, they commonly present extensive apical-basolateral polarity (e.g. different membrane proteins expressed) and specialization.
How is gastric acid produced?
Gastrin is a hormone released by "g" cells in the stomach. This hormone stimulates gastric secretions, including hydrochloric acid (HCL). The release of gastrin is initiated by: distention of the stomach impulses from the vagus nerve as from sight or smell of food presence of liquids or partially digested proteins in the stomach I hope this answers the question!
What does aldosterone increase in the basolateral membrane?
Basolateral Na+ K+ ATPase pumps
Epithelial membranes is known as the blood-facing membrane?
Basolateral membrane
Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?
Basolateral
Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on?
the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell, cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell, and higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial.
What is the function of epitheliam tissue?
Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation. As a result, they commonly present extensive apical-basolateral polarity (e.g. different membrane proteins expressed) and specialization.
What is tertiary active transport?
Tertiaryuses secondary which in its turn uses primary:-Primary uses ATP and so creates anelectrochemicalgradient. -Secondary uses this gradient and so creates a concentration gradient.-Tertiary uses this concentration gradient.Example: Proximal Straight Tubule in NephronsPrimary: Basolateral NaK-pumpSecondary: Na/H antiporter.Tertiary: Cl/base exchange.
When epithelial tissue is a single layer its called?
The portion of the cell exposed to the lumen. The layer of plasma membrane on the apical side (side towards the lumen) of the epithelial cells in a body tube or cavity, separated from the basolateral membrane by the zonula occludens.- thefreedictionary.com
What are intercellular attachments?
Intercellular attachments are different kinds of attachments that keeps cells together. There are:Occluding junction form a barrier that isolates the basolateral surfaces and deeper the tissuses from the contents of the lumen.An Adhesion belt locks together the terminal webs of the neighboring cells, strengthening the apical region and preventing distortion and leakage at the occluding junction.Gap junction permits chemical communication that coordinates the activities of adjacent cells. Desomosomesprovides firm attachment between neighboring cells by interlocking their cytoskeletons.
Mechanisms of bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion by the kidney?
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) does not have a transporter, so its reabsorption involves a series of reactions in the tubule lumen and tubular epithelium. It begins with the active secretion of a hydrogen ion (H+) into the tubule fluid via a Na/H exchanger: In the lumen, the H+ combines with HCO3- to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Luminal carbonic anhydrase enzymatically converts H2CO3 into H2O and CO2. CO2 freely diffuses into the cell. In the epithelial cell, Cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase converts the CO2 and H2O (which is abundant in the cell) into H2CO3. H2CO3 readily dissociates into H+ and HCO3-. HCO3- is facilitated out of the cell's basolateral membrane.
How many lobes does each lung have?
right lung has 3 lobes (superior, inferior & middle) while the left lung has 2 lobes (superior & inferior)
How do thiazide diuretics cause hypercalcemia?
In the kidney, the DCT reabsorbs about 8% of the filtered Ca2+ load. This occurs via epithelial Ca2+ channels. In the steady state, the cell must extrude all entered Ca2+, which occurs via a Ca2+ ATPase, and also through Na+/Ca2+ exchanger located on the BASOLATERAL surface of the cells of the distal tubule. Thiazides inhibit the Na+/Cl- symport in the early DCT, thus causing a decrease in INTRAcellular Na. This, in turn, enhances the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, creating an increased driving for Ca 2+ resorption through the epithelial Ca2+ chnnels. The final effect: increased Ca2+ reabsorption that can cause hypercalcemia or more often, unmask hypercalcemia due to other causes. ie; maligancy
What is the purpose of aldosterone?
The major target of aldosterone is the distal tubule of the kidney, where it stimulates exchange of sodium and potassium. Three primary physiologic effects of aldosterone result:Increased resorption of sodium: sodium loss in urine is decreased under aldosterone stimulation.Increased resorption of water, with consequent expansion of extracellular fluid volume. This is an osmotic effect directly related to increased resorption of sodium.Increased renal excretion of potassium.Knowing these effects should quickly suggest the cellular mechanism of action this hormone. Aldosterone stimulates transcription of the gene encoding the sodium-potassium ATPase, leading to increased numbers of "sodium pumps" in the basolateral membranes of tubular epithelial cells. Aldosterone also stimulates expression of a sodium channel which facilitates uptake of sodium from the tubular lumen.
