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I believe it means "following." For example, on a timeline of US History, Industrialization (1830 ff.) would mean that the process of industrialization in the U.S. started in 1830 but continued on well after that. It differs from ca. (circa) in that it expresses the start of a long process rather than an approximate date.

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Q: What does ff mean after a circa date?
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Circa = approximate


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