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In case citations, the issue of whether the year is contained within brackets or parentheses is a very important matter. Brackets indicate that the year actually forms part of the title of the volume. If the year is in parentheses, it does not form part of the volume title. When the year does not form part of the title of the volume, it is a reporting series arranged by consecutively numbered volumes (e.g., 1-100). In a reporting series using brackets, the volumes are arranged by year. At one time, many reporting series published just one volume per year, so arranging the volumes by year was a simple matter. When more and more cases began being reported, resulting in several volumes being published per year, things started to get confusing. If you have a chance to wander through a law library, browse through the stacks and observe how each reporting series is numbered, both the current and the older ones. When you cite a case, it is also very important to know where the comma should be placed. Some professors will dock marks if the comma is not in the right spot. First, the commas are never placed within either the brackets or the parentheses. If the reporting series uses brackets, the comma comes immediately after the name of the case, and before the year of the volume. If the year is in parentheses, the comma comes after the year and before the volume number. Finally, don't assume that the year on the cover of the volume is actually the year when the case was decided. Always turn to the actual case and note the date of the judgment.

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Q: What does it mean when square brackets are used around the year in a case citation?
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